Highlights of the 2009 Annual Report of the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM II) Program indicate that between 56 and 82 percent of the arrestees across sites tested positive for the presence of some substance in their system; in 2009, marijuana continued to be the most commonly used and most commonly acquired illegal substance; in 2009, cocaine, both crack and powder, was the second most commonly used substance, and the majority of arrestees who tested positive for cocaine also reported using crack; in 2009, four sites reported significant decreases in self-reported use of crack cocaine; methamphetamine use remained concentrated in two of the Western ADAM II sites - Sacramento and Portland; and considerable variation existed across all sites in the proportion of arrestees testing positive for opiates. The ADAM II program is a data collection program located in 10 U.S. counties that provides a biological marker of recent drug use (within 48 hours of arrest), which when linked to interview data, validates information about recent drug use. The ADAM II program is a continuation of the ADAM program that operated in 35 sites from 2000 to 2003, and is an important source of information on the local or regional nature of drug problems. Appendixes A-C and 13 figures