Section 3. Appendixes

BJA Legislative Purpose Area Descriptions

Byrne Grant Program Purpose Areas

The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, 42 U.S.C. 3711 et seq., at section 501, provides a general statement of the overall purposes of the Byrne Grant Program and establishes 26 purpose areas that define the nature and scope of programs and projects that might be funded under it. Frequently, Congress also uses other legislation (e.g., an appropriations bill) to provide additional authorizations for limited periods (usually the current year only). Together, these laws provide substantial authorization for programs addressing drug control, violent and serious crime, all aspects of criminal justice processing including incarceration and treatment of offenders, and general improvements in the justice system operations. There is, however, some degree of overlap within several of these purpose areas and the program examples following each. This listing is, in part, an attempt to distinguish among them.

(1) Demand reduction education programs in which law enforcement officers participate.

• Demand Reduction Education (not D.A.R.E.)
  
  
• Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.)
  
  
• Officer Training for D.A.R.E. Program

(2) Multijurisdictional task force (MJTF) programs that integrate federal, state, and/or local drug law enforcement agencies and prosecutors for the purpose of enhancing interagency coordination and intelligence and facilitating multijurisdictional investigations.

• Multijurisdictional/Regional Drug Task Forces
  
  
• Regional Violent Drug Trafficker Program
  
  
• Organized Crime/Narcotics Program
  
  
• Special Narcotics Prosecutor (in direct support of MJTF)
  
  
• Statewide Confidential Funds Pool
  
  
• Narcotics Surveillance Equipment and Training Program (if in support of multisite enforcement programs)
  
  
• Drug Offenders Intelligence System (in direct support of MJTF)

(3) Programs designed to target the domestic sources of controlled and illegal substances, such as precursor chemicals, diverted pharmaceuticals, clandestine laboratories, and cannabis cultivations.

• Pharmaceutical Diversion
  
  
• Clandestine Methamphetamine Laboratories
  
  
• Marijuana Eradication
  
  
• Drug Identification (laboratory-based research studies)

(4) Providing community and neighborhood programs that assist citizens in preventing and controlling crime, including special programs that address the problems of crimes committed against the elderly and special programs for rural jurisdictions.

• Community Crime Prevention
  
  
• Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
  
  
• Neighborhood Watch
  
  
• National Night Out Against Crime
  
  
• Community Policing/Prosecution (see also purpose areas 10 and 16)
  
  
• Drug-Impacted Rural Jurisdictions
  
  
• Outdoor Activities for High-Risk Youth
  
  
• Senior Citizen Crime Prevention/Golden Alert Program
  
  
• TRIAD

(5) Disrupting illicit commerce in stolen goods and property.

• County Attorney’s Office Property Crime Program
  
  
• Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention

(6) Improving the investigation and prosecution of white-collar crime (e.g., organized crime, public corruption crimes, and fraud against the government with priority attention to cases involving drug-related official corruption).

• Drug Corruption in Police Departments
  
  
• White Collar Crime

(7A) Improving the operational effectiveness of law enforcement through the use of crime analysis techniques, street sales enforcement, school yard violator programs, and gang-related and low-income housing drug control programs.

• Drug Task Force (single jurisdiction effort)
  
  
• Drug-Free School Zone Enforcement
  
  
• Arson Prevention and Control
  
  
• Crime Scene Preservation
  
  
• Drug Dog/Canine Acquisition and Training/K–9 Unit
  
  
• Violent Fugitives Arrest Squad
  
  
• Firearms Trafficking/Control/Licensing Enforcement

(7B) Developing and implementing anti-terrorism plans for deep draft ports, international airports, and other important facilities.

• Night Eyes’ State Water Patrol
  
  
• Airport Anti-Terrorism Task Force

(8) Career criminal prosecution programs, including the development of model drug control legislation.

• Career Criminal/Major Offender/Career Drug Offender Prosecution
  
  
• Narcotics Prosecution Unit (but use purpose area 2 if directly in support of MJTF)
  
  
• Model Drug Control Legislation (directed at offenders)
  
  
• Civil Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Use in Drug Enforcement

(9) Financial investigative programs that target the identification of money laundering operations and assets obtained through illegal drug trafficking, including the development of proposed model legislation, financial investigative training, and financial information-sharing systems.

• Financial Investigations
  
  
• Asset Forfeiture Units
  
  
• Model Drug Control Legislation (directed at assets)

(10) Improving the operational effectiveness of the court process by expanding prosecutorial, defender, and judicial resources and implementing court delay reduction programs.

• Community Prosecution/Community Courts (see also purpose area 16)
  
  
• Differentiated/Expedited Case Management
  
  
• Indigent Defense System Improvement
  
  
• Drug Courts (specialized narcotics courtrooms; contrast purpose area 20)
  
  
• Pretrial Services Delivery (but use purpose area 15A if primary focus is on drug testing or purpose area 20 if focus is on reducing jail crowding)
  
  
• Video Arraignment/Presentence Telecommunications Project

(11) Programs designed to provide additional public correctional resources and improve the corrections system, including treatment in prisons and jails, intensive supervision programs, and long-range corrections and sentencing strategies.

• Intensive Supervision Probation and Parole
  
  
• Boot Camps
  
  
• Treatment in a Jail Setting
  
  
• Substance Abuse Treatment for Female Inmates
  
  
• Correctional Facilities Planning/Population Projections
  
  
• Sentencing Strategies Development

(12) Providing prison industry projects designed to place inmates in a realistic working and training environment which will enable them to acquire marketable skills and to make financial payments for restitution to their victims, for support of their own families, and for support of themselves in the institution.

• Prison/Jail Industries

(13) Providing programs which identify and meet the treatment needs of adult and juvenile drug-dependent and alcohol-dependent offenders.

• Treatment for Drug Addicted Offenders
  
  
• Day Treatment Center for Juvenile Offenders
  
  
• Treatment Aftercare Unit
  
  
• Driving Under the Influence/Driving While Intoxicated (DUI/DWI) Rehabilitation and Training

(14) Developing and implementing programs which provide assistance to jurors and witnesses and assistance (other than compensation) to victims of crime.

• One Day-One Trial/Jury Management Improvement
  
  
• Systems for Setting Juror Fees/Compensation
  
  
• Victim/Witness Program
  
  
• Offenders’ Restitution for Victims
  
  
• Victim Assistance

(15A) Developing programs to improve drug control technology, such as pretrial drug testing programs; to provide for the identification, assessment, referral to treatment, case management and monitoring of drug-dependent offenders; and to enhance state and local forensic laboratories.

• Pretrial/Probation/Parole Drug Testing
  
  
• Statewide Urinalysis Testing
  
  
• Treatment Alternatives to Street Crimes (TASC)
  
  
• Forensic Laboratory Enhancement (but use purpose area 25 if DNA related)

(15B) Criminal justice information systems to assist law enforcement, prosecution, courts, and corrections organizations (including automated fingerprint identification systems).

• Criminal Justice Records Improvement (CJRI)
  
  
• Criminal Justice Information Systems (CJIS)
  
  
• Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS)
  
  
• Prosecution Management Support Systems
  
  
• Management Information Systems (for administrative support)
  
  
• Metropolitan Criminal Intelligence System (but use purpose area 2 if restricted solely to MJTF drug-related information)
  
  
• DUI Data Collection System

(16) Innovative programs which demonstrate new and different approaches to enforcement, prosecution, and adjudication of drug offenses and other serious crimes.

• Hot Spots Comprehensive Neighborhood Crime Program
  
  
• Community Justice Centers

(17) Addressing the problems of drug trafficking and the illegal manufacture of controlled substances in public housing.

• Public Housing Enforcement
  
  
• Crackhouse Elimination

(18) Improving the criminal and juvenile justice system’s response to domestic and family violence, including spouse abuse, child abuse, and abuse of the elderly.

• Domestic/Family Violence Intervention
  
  
• Law Enforcement’s Response to Domestic Violence
  
  
• Child Abuse Prosecution
  
  
• Child Sexual Abuse Prevention and Prosecution
  
  
• Crimes Against the Elderly (in domestic settings; see also purpose area 4)

(19) Drug control evaluation programs that state and local units of government may utilize to evaluate programs and projects directed at state drug control activities.

• Evaluation of Drug Control Programs
  
  
• Research and Evaluation

(20) Providing alternatives to prevent detention, jail, and prison for persons who pose no danger to the community.

• Alternatives to Incarceration
  
  
• House Arrest/Electronic Monitoring
  
  
• Drug Courts (directed to diverting offenders into treatment; contrast purpose area 10)
  
  
• Mental Health Courts
  
  
• Restitution by Juveniles
  
  
• Community Service Labor Program
  
  
• User Accountability Sanctioning (not involving incarceration)

(21) Programs of which the primary goal is to strengthen urban enforcement and prosecution efforts targeted at street drug sales.

• Street Sales/Street-Level Narcotics Enforcement
  
  
• Drug Enforcement Enhancement
  
  
• Crack Houses/Nuisance Abatement Unit
  
  
• Reverse Sting Demand Reduction Enforcement
  
  
• Drug Recognition Training for Patrol Officers
  
  
• Motor Vehicle Officers’ Watch for Drugs

(22) Prosecution of driving while intoxicated charges and the enforcement of other laws relating to alcohol use and the operation of motor vehicles.

• Enhanced Prosecution of DWI Cases
  
  
• Diversion of DWI Offenders into Treatment

(23) Addressing the need for effective bindover systems for the prosecution of violent 16- and 17-year-old juveniles in courts with jurisdiction over adults for (certain enumerated) violent crimes.

• Violent Juvenile Waiver to Adult Court Program
  
  
• Prosecutor’s Juvenile Bindover Unit

(24) Law enforcement and prevention programs that relate to gangs or to youth who are involved in or are at risk of involvement in gangs.

• Gang Task Forces
  
  
• Specialized Gang Prosecutors
  
  
• Juvenile Gangs Involvement in Drug Trafficking
  
  
• Gang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT)

(25) Developing or improving forensic laboratory capabilities to analyze DNA for identification purposes.

• DNA Database Identification System
  
  
• DNA Laboratory Enhancement and Training Program

(26) Developing and implementing anti-terrorism training programs and procuring equipment for use by local law enforcement authorities.

• Law Enforcement Officer Training in Anti-Terrorism
  
  
• Enforcement Response to Terrorist Acts

(27) Enforcing child abuse and neglect laws, including protecting against child sexual abuse and promoting programs designed to prevent child abuse and neglect.

(28) Establishing or supporting cooperative programs between law enforcement and media organizations to collect, record, retain, and disseminate information useful in the identification and apprehension of suspected criminal offenders.

Note: Congress has authorized the use of Byrne funds to support programs that assist in the litigation of death penalty federal habeas corpus petitions and drug testing initiatives. This authorization applies to FY 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001 awards and may or may not be available in future funding cycles.

Local Law Enforcement Block Grants Program Purpose Areas

Through the Local Law Enforcement Block Grants (LLEBG) Program, BJA provides funds to units of local government to underwrite projects to reduce crime and improve public safety. LLEBG funds must be spent in the following purpose areas:

(1) Hiring, training, and employing on a continuous basis new, additional law enforcement officers and necessary support personnel.

(2) Paying overtime to employed law enforcement officers and necessary support personnel to increase the number of hours worked by such personnel.

(3) Procuring equipment, technology, and other materials directly related to basic law enforcement functions.

(4) Enhancing security measures in and around schools and other facilities or locations that the unit of local government considers to be at risk for incidents of crime.

(5) Establishing or supporting drug courts.

(6) Enhancing the adjudication of cases involving violent offenders, including cases involving violent juvenile offenders.

(7) Establishing a multijurisdictional task force, particularly in rural areas, composed of law enforcement officials representing units of local government. These task forces must work with federal law enforcement officials to prevent and control crime.

(8) Establishing cooperative crime prevention programs between community residents and law enforcement personnel to control, detect, or investigate crime or to prosecute criminals.

(9) Defraying the cost of indemnification insurance for law enforcement officers.

LLEBG funds may not be used to purchase, lease, rent, or acquire tanks or armored vehicles, fixed-wing aircraft, limousines, real estate, yachts, or any vehicle not used primarily for law enforcement. Funds are not to be used to retain consultants. Construction of new facilities is also prohibited. In addition, federal funds may not be used to supplant state or local funds; they must be used to increase the amount of funds that would otherwise be available from state and local sources.