Chapter 4 has explained:

• The impact GIS has had on crime mapping.

• How GIS is used in law enforcement agencies.

• How GIS affects what we can do and how we do it.

• The difference between vector and raster formats.

• What geocoding is.

• How we can filter data and make useful maps according to specific criteria.

• How GIS can be used to measure information on maps.

• The meaning of derivative measures and how they are created and used.

• What hot spots are and how they are defined, measured, and mapped.

• What buffering is in the context of GIS.

• How large databases can help with mapping and analysis.

• What data warehousing and data mining are.

• Some factors that demand the exercise of caution in the mapping process.

What's Next in Chapter 5? Current events in crime mapping. How to apply analytical crime mapping. Criminal intellegence. Crime prevention. Courts and corrections. Public information. Resource allocation and planning. Census geography and analysis. Crime mapping applications and improved effectiveness.