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Executive Summary
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The FY 2000 National Drug Control Budget supports the five goals and 31 objectives of the National Drug Control Strategy (Strategy) and is structured to make progress towards the performance targets outlined in the national drug control Performance Measures of Effectiveness (PME) system. In total, funding recommended for FY 2000 is $17.8 billion, an increase of $735 million (4.3 percent) over FY 1999 regular appropriations of $17.0 billion. In addition to regular appropriations, federal drug control agencies received $844 million for emergency purposes in FY 1999. With this emergency funding, drug control appropriations total $17.9 billion in FY 1999. A summary of drug-control spending for FY 1996 through FY 2000 is presented in Figure 1.

Figure 1: National Drug Control Budget
Funding Trend Up FY 96 to FY 00

figure 1

Spending by Department

Funding by department for FY 1998 to FY 2000 is displayed in Table 1. Included in the funding totals shown in Table 1 are additional resources for supply-reduction programs in the Departments of Justice, Treasury, Transportation, State, and Defense, which will support security along the Southwest border; aid efforts in the Andean Ridge region, Mexico, and the Caribbean; and continue enforcement operations targeting domestic sources of illegal drugs. Demand-reduction efforts by the Departments of Health and Human Services and Education will support programs to increase public drug treatment, provide basic research on drug use, and continue prevention efforts aimed at school children.

Table 1: Drug Spending by Department ($ Millions)

table 1

* Emergency Supplemental funding provided by P.L. 105-277. These funds are in addition to each department's annual appropriation.

Major Increases in FY 2000

The following major increases in drug-control funding are included in the President's FY 2000 budget for prevention and treatment programs:

  • Drug Intervention Program: +$100 million. This initiative, funded through the Office of Justice Programs, will provide drug abuse assistance to state and local governments to develop and implement comprehensive systems for drug testing, drug treatment and graduated sanctions for offenders.

  • Youth Tobacco Prevention: +$61 million. The CDC will receive an increase of $27.0 million in drug-related funds to extend state-based efforts to conduct comprehensive programs to reduce and prevent tobacco use. The FDA will receive an additional $34.0 million in drug-related funding in FY 2000 to expand implementation of its final rule intended to halt the supply of tobacco products to children.

  • Treatment Capacity Expansion Grants: +$55 million. This additional funding will help SAMHSA expand the availability of drug treatment in areas of existing or emerging treatment need.

  • Substance Abuse Block Grant Program: +$30 million ($24.8 million drug-related). This increase for SAMHSA's Substance Abuse Block Grant will provide funding to states for treatment and prevention services. This program is the backbone of federal efforts to reduce the gap between those who are actively seeking substance abuse treatment and the capacity of the public treatment system.

  • School Coordinators: +$15 million. These additional resources will expand the School Coordinator program, started in FY 1999. With this increase, total funding for this initiative will be $50 million in FY 2000. This program will support the hiring of drug prevention coordinators in nearly half of the middle schools across the country to help improve the quality and effectiveness of drug prevention programs.

  • National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign: +$10 million. This additional funding brings the budget for ONDCP's Media Campaign to $195 million in FY 2000. With this money, ONDCP will continue its targeted, high impact, paid media campaign designed to change naive adolescent perceptions of the dangers and social approval of drug use.

  • Drug Courts: +$10 million. These additional resources will bring total funding for the Drug Courts program to $50 million in FY 2000. This program provides alternatives to incarceration through using the coercive power of the court to force abstinence and alter behavior with a combination of escalating sanctions, mandatory drug testing, treatment, and strong aftercare programs.

The following major increases in drug-control funding are included in the President's FY 2000 budget for supply reduction programs:

  • Southwest border - INS: +$50 million ($7.5 million drug-related). INS will continue to deploy the Integrated Surveillance Information System (ISIS). ISIS, which incorporates infrared and color cameras with ground sensors, will aid Border Patrol enforcement efforts and drug interdiction along the Southwest border.

  • International Programs - State: +$29 million. These new resources over FY 1999 (excluding emergency funding) are requested for the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL). This additional funding includes support for Andean countries, Mexico, and assistance to international organizations.

  • DEA Drug Intelligence: +$22 million. This funding will provide $13 million to accelerate implementation of DEA's FIREBIRD office automation system. FIREBIRD includes e-mail, uniform word processing and other forms of office automation that will provide DEA with more sophisticated electronic investigative records. Once fully deployed, FIREBIRD will allow DEA components located around the world to act as one cohesive unit through instantaneous access to critical law enforcement and intelligence information. In addition, $9 million will enhance DEA's Special Operations Division by providing critical support for Title III investigations aimed at dismantling drug trafficking organizations.

  • Forward Operating Locations - DoD: +$73.5 million. The drug control budget for the Department of Defense includes these additional resources in FY 2000 for restructuring SOUTHCOM's theater counterdrug architecture, which will include the development of three Forward Operating Locations (FOLs). These FOLs will support transit and source zone air operations in SOUTHCOM's area of responsibility.

  • Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) -- Building on the successful COPS Initiative, the President's FY 2000 Budget proposes a new $1.275 billion ($420.8 million drug-related) 21st Century Policing Initiative. This program will continue to help communities hire, redeploy, and retain police officers; provide law enforcement with the latest crime-fighting technologies; and target funds to engage the entire community in preventing and fighting crime.

Spending by Strategy Goal

Funding by Strategy Goal is summarized in Table 2. Funding priorities include resources to reduce drug use by young people (Goal 1), make treatment available to chronic users (Goal 3), interdict the flow of drugs at our borders (Goal 4), and target sources of illegal drugs and crime associated with criminal enterprises (Goals 2 and 5). In FY 2000, funding will be $2.1 billion for Goal 1, a net increase of almost $21 million over FY 1999, and $3.5 billion for Goal 3, an increase of 4.2 percent over FY 1999. Further, multiagency efforts, which target ports-of-entry and the Southwest border, will expand funding for Goal 4 to $2.3 billion in FY 2000, an increase of 6.3 percent. Funding for Goal 2 will be $7.7 billion in FY 2000, an increase of $270.2 million, and resources devoted to Goal 5 will reach $2.1 billion in FY 2000, an increase of 8.3 percent.

Table 2: Drug Funding by Goal ($ Millions)

table 2

* Emergency Supplemental funding provided by P.L. 105-277. These funds are in addition to each department's annual appropriation.

Federal Funding Priorities: FY 2000 - FY 2004

By law, ONDCP must annually report its program and budget priorities over a five-year planning period. These priorities also are highlighted in ONDCP's consolidated five-year Drug Control Budget: FY 2000 to FY 2004. This volume, required by statute, is produced each November for the consideration of the President and the President's Council on Counter-Narcotics. Through FY 2004, funding for the following major program areas will be emphasized through ONDCP's drug-budget authorities:

  • National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign: ONDCP's Media Campaign will continue to be a funding priority into the five-year planning period. The campaign is centered around an aggressive paid advertising effort that will ensure that members of the target audiences -- youth aged 9-18 (especially middle-school aged children), their parents, and other influential adults such as teachers and coaches -- see or hear an average of four anti-drug messages each week. This advertising will be supported by activities that will include: partnerships with community, civic, and professional groups; initiatives involving the Internet and interactive media; partnerships with the entertainment and sports industries; news media outreach; and corporate sponsorship.

  • Criminal Justice Treatment/Break-the-Cycle: When drug testing is combined with effective interventions, drug use can be curtailed within the criminal justice population. Further, drug-dependent individuals who receive comprehensive treatment decrease their drug use, decrease their criminal behavior, increase their employment, improve their social and interpersonal functioning, and improve their physical health. Since the majority of drug users are processed through some part of the criminal justice system during their drug-use careers, that system provides an appropriate opportunity for intervention. This funding priority supports Department of Justice programs which provide assistance to local units of government for the planning, implementation and enhancement of comprehensive programs of drug testing, drug treatment, and graduated sanctions for individuals in contact with the criminal justice system.

  • Close the Public System Treatment Gap: Nationwide, there continues to be a great need for additional capacity to treat chronic users of illegal drugs. This will be addressed, in part, through additional resources for SAMHSA. Federal funding, together with additional state and local resources leveraged by SAMHSA programs, will help close the gap between those who are actively seeking substance abuse treatment and the capacity of the public treatment system.

  • School Coordinators: Resources will provide coordinators to support middle schools throughout the country. This program focuses on drug education, adult mentorship and other community school-based counterdrug efforts. Responsibilities of a typical School Coordinator will be: developing, conducting and analyzing assessments of their schools' drug problems; identifying promising research-based drug prevention programs to address those problems; and assisting teachers, coaches, counselors and other school officials in adopting and implementing those programs.

  • Southwest Border Initiative: This initiative improves security and enhances drug interdiction for all U.S. air, land and sea frontiers along the Southwest border. This funding priority includes both interdiction and investigative initiatives at and between U.S. ports-of-entry, as well as needed technology enhancements.

  • Follow-on Resources for FY 1999 Emergency Funding: In FY 1999, Congress provided total Emergency Supplemental Appropriations of $870.2 million to assist agency drug control efforts. (Applying appropriate agency drug budget methodologies, $843.9 million of this total funding is "scored" as drug-related.) Over the five-year budget planning period, follow-on resources to support select emergency activities initiated in FY 1999 will remain a priority.

  • Andean Coca Reduction Initiative: Over the planning period, this funding priority requires: 1) the integration of law enforcement and interdiction to disrupt the cocaine industry; 2) robust alternative development programs to provide licit income alternatives and encourage the cultivation of legal crops; and 3) development of Andean judicial institutions, law enforcement and counterdrug military capabilities to enforce national anti-drug laws.

Performance Measures of Effectiveness (PME) System

Based on the Strategy and separate from the budget process, ONDCP, in conjunction with a wide range of stakeholders, has designed the PME system. This system will (1) assess the effectiveness of the Strategy, (2) provide critical information to the entire drug control community on what needs to be done to refine policy and programmatic directions, and (3) assist with drug program budget management. The PME system identifies 97 performance targets, of which 12 indicate the impact of national drug control activities on the 5 Strategy Goals. The rest show progress towards the 31 objectives. These targets represent desired end-states for the years 2002 and 2007. In drafting the PME targets and measures certain assumptions have been made, including expectations about realizing future resource levels. In the future, the Goals and performance measures may need to be adjusted to reflect new or changing circumstances.

The process of integrating the budget and the PME System has begun. ONDCP asked agencies to submit FY 2000 budget requests broken down by performance targets. This linkage will be strengthened in the FY 2001 budget submission. As the PME system is refined in 1999 with state, local, and private sector input, ONDCP will begin reflecting action plans in drug budget guidance. Targets and budget submissions will be iteratively refined as agencies base budget requests upon priorities for achieving performance targets and as new or changing circumstances arise. This process of linking performance targets and action plans to budgets should take up to three years. A detailed discussion of the PME system and its relationship to the national drug control budget may be found in Performance Measures of Effectiveness: Implementation and Findings, which accompanies the 1999 Strategy.

Methodology Changes Affecting Budget Presentation

Every year, each drug control agency is given an opportunity to revisit the methodology it employs for producing drug budget estimates. For the FY 1998 to FY 2000 budget estimates displayed in this volume, the following are the major methodology changes since similar data were presented for the FY 1999 budget:

  • Scoring Changes Affecting DEA & FBI: The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), using ONDCP's PME system as a basis for review, have realigned a portion of their drug-related resources to reflect program activities their organizations provide in support of Goal 4. Activities include disrupting and dismantling criminal organizations which smuggle drugs across America's frontiers, especially along the Southwest border and in the Caribbean. Also, now included under Goal 4 are efforts aimed at improving bilateral and regional cooperation with Mexico, as well as other cocaine and heroin transit-zone countries, and the development of scientific information and data to detect illegal drugs in transit to the U.S.

  • Scoring Changes Affecting BOP, OJP, and the Federal Judiciary: The Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP), the Office of Justice Programs (OJP), and the Federal Judiciary have realigned criminal justice treatment resources (including Drug Courts, Residential Substance Abuse Treatment, Drug Intervention Program, and Transitional Drug Abuse Treatment Programs) under Goal 2. Prior to the publication of the 1999 Budget Summary, all criminal justice treatment programs were scored in support of Goal 3. This change will properly realign criminal justice treatment programs to objectives and targets identified in the PME system.

Budget Summary Overview

The remaining sections of this volume provide a more detailed accounting of FY 1998 and FY 1999 drug control programs and highlight new initiatives proposed for FY 2000. Section III includes funding tables which summarize spending by agency, goal and function. Section IV, the major portion of this document, provides an agency-by-agency explanation of drug control spending for FY 1998 to FY 2000.

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1999 National Drug Control Strategy
Budget Summary		 Office of National Drug Control Policy