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STATISTICAL OVERVIEWS 

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Statistical Overviews

One of the most popular components of this Resource Guide is the collection of
statistical overviews that addresses the full spectrum of crime and victimization.
The 17 topics presented in page-length statistical overviews--which include a
space to personalize with the sponsoring organization's contact information--
can be utilized as "stand alone" documents (which can be easily replicated
and/or faxed) or incorporated into any public education or community
awareness publications. Efforts have been made to incorporate the most current
and accurate data that address crime and victimization in the United States
today.

The topics covered by the statistical overviews are the following: 
o Child Abuse and Victimization 
o Cost of Crime 
o Crime and Education 
o Crime and Victimization
o Domestic Violence 
o Drunk Driving 
o Elder Abuse and Neglect 
o Financial Crime
o Hate and Bias Crime 
o Homicide 
o Juvenile Crime and Victimization 
o Rape and Sexual Assault 
o Sentencing and Corrections 
o Stalking 
o Substance Abuse and Crime 
o Victims with Disabilities 
o Workplace Violence and Crime 

Accessing Information: OVC Resource Center and Other Services

Victims, service providers, and allied professionals have an opportunity to
receive valuable information about victims' rights and services, criminal and
juvenile justice, crime prevention and other important issues on an ongoing basis
from the OVC Resource Center and the National Criminal Justice Reference
Service (NCJRS) in electronic format. Specific details about how to access
information are contained in this section, including a broad sampling of crime
victim-related Internet sites. Advocates can build an impressive library with the
most current research and literature available relevant to crime and victimization
by registering with NCJRS. For a registration form, call 800-627-6872.

NCVRW Resource Guide Co-sponsors 

This section provides a comprehensive listing of the national organizations that
serve as co-sponsors of the 2001 Resource Guide, including web site and
e-mail addresses, wherever available. 

Resource Guide Evaluation 


The feedback that VALOR receives from organizations that utilize the
Resource Guide is essential to improving and expanding future NCVRW
Resource Guides. When completing this brief form, victim service providers
should specify which resources in the Guide are most helpful and least helpful.
In addition, respondents are encouraged to attach any documentation of
activities and special events they sponsor during 2001 NCVRW. 

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Child Abuse and Victimization

In 1998, there were an estimated 903,000 victims of child maltreatment
nationwide. The rate of 12.9 per 1,000 children decreased from the 1997 rate
of 13.9 per 1,000 children. (Administration on Children, Youth and Families.
2000. Child Maltreatment 1998: Reports From the States to the National Child
Abuse and Neglect Data System. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services.)

Almost half of the states (49%) had child maltreatment victimization rates of 7.0
to 13.9 per 1,000 children. (Ibid.)

More than half (53.5%) of all victims suffered neglect, while 22.7% suffered
physical abuse; 11.5% were sexually abused. Victims of psychological abuse
and medical neglect each accounted for 6% or fewer. Additionally, 25.3% of
victims were reported to be victims of more than one type of maltreatment.
(Ibid.)

The highest victimization rates were for the 0-3 age group (14.8 victims per
1,000 children of this age), and rates declined as age increased. (Ibid.)

Victimization rates by race/ethnicity ranged from a low of 3.8 Asian/Pacific
Islander victims per 1,000 children of the same race in the population to 20.7
African-American victims. The victimization rate for American Indians/Alaska
Natives was 19.8; for Hispanics, 10.6; and for whites, 8.5. (Ibid.)

An estimated 1,100 children died of abuse and neglect, a rate of approximately
1.6 deaths per 100,000 children in the general population. (Ibid.)

Children not yet a year old accounted for 37.9% of the fatalities, and 77.5%
were not yet five years of age. (Ibid.)

Three-fifths (60.4%) of the perpetrators were female. More than four-fifths
(87.1%) of all victims were maltreated by one or both parents. The most
common pattern of maltreatment was a child neglected by a female parent with
no other perpetrators identified (44.7%). (Ibid.)

In 1997, child protective service agencies investigated 3 million reports of child
abuse, of which just under 1 million cases were substantiated. In addition,
2,200 children are reported missing to law enforcement agencies every day.
(Connelly, H. June 1999. "Children Exposed to Violence: Criminal Justice
Resources." Office for Victims of Crime Bulletin. Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Justice.)

Nationally, child protective service agencies received reports on more than 3
million maltreated children in 1996--a 161% increase from 1980. Of these
reports, 35% were found to be substantiated while more than half (58%) were
closed for lack of substantiation. The remaining 7% were closed without any
finding at all. (National Center for Juvenile Justice. September 1999. Juvenile
Offenders and Victims: 1999 National Report. Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention,
45.)

Neglect was the most common form of maltreatment found among all age
groups of victims; however, children eight years of age and younger
experienced 65% of all neglect in 1996. (Ibid., 46)

Note: OVC makes no representation concerning the accuracy of data from
non-Department of Justice sources.

Presented as a Public Service by

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Cost of Crime

During 1999, losses estimated at nearly $463 million (a 15% increase from
1998) were attributed to robberies. The value of property stolen averaged
$1,131 per robbery, ranging from $620 taken during robberies of convenience
stores to $4,552 per bank robbery. (Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). 15
October 2000. Crime in the United States, Uniform Crime Reports, 1999.
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, 28.)

The dollar value of property stolen in connection with property crimes in 1999
was estimated at over $14.8 billion. The average loss per offense in 1999 was
$1,449, compared to the 1998 recorded figure of $1,379. (Ibid., 37)


Based on information from 11,550 law enforcement agencies, 66,321 arson
offenses were reported in 1999. The average dollar loss of property damaged
due to reported arsons was $10,882. The overall average loss for all types of
structures was $19,533. (Ibid., 56)

During 1999, the estimated value of motor vehicles stolen nationwide was over
$7.0 billion. The average value per vehicle at the time of theft was $6,104. In
relating the value of vehicles stolen to those recovered, the recovery rate for
1999 was 67%.  (Ibid., 51)

During 1999, the average value of property stolen due to larceny-theft was
$678, up from the 1998 value of $632. Applying the average value to the
estimated number of larceny-thefts nationally, the loss to victims was nearly
$4.7 billion for the year. (Ibid., 45)

By type of larceny-theft, losses of goods and property stolen as a result of
thefts from buildings averaged $1,015 and from motor vehicles, $693. Purse
snatching resulted in an average loss of $392. (Ibid.)

Allowing just one youth to leave high school for a life of crime and drug abuse
costs society approximately $2 million. (National Center for Juvenile Justice.
September 1999. Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 1999 National Report.
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and
Delinquency Prevention.)

Total state correctional expenditures reached over $27 billion dollars in FY
1996, a 115% increase from $12.7 billion in 1985. (Bureau of Justice Statistics
(BJS). August 1999. State Prison Expenditures, 1996. Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Justice.)

In 1996, the average cost to house each of the nation's one million plus state
inmates per year was $20,142 compared to $18,400 in 1990. (Ibid.)

The cost for all crime offenses declined in 1997 when compared to 1996
estimated costs. Robbery on streets or highways saw the highest cost reduction
percentage per offense (13%), while larceny-theft from buildings saw the
lowest (1.1%). (Bureau of Justice Statistics. 1999. Sourcebook of Criminal
Justice Statistics 1998. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, 284,
table 3.124.)

In 1997, the cost of arson-related structural damage within the U.S. was just
over $782 million. The cost of arson-related vehicular damage added another
$103 million in losses in the arson category. (Ibid., 324, table 3.187)

Presented as a Public Service by

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Crime and Education

In 1998, students ages twelve through eighteen were victims of more than 2.7
million crimes at school, of which 253,000 were serious violent crimes (rape,
sexual assault, robbery, or aggravated assault). (Kaufman, P. et al. 2000.
Indicators of School Crime and Safety, 2000. NCES 2001-017/NCJ-184176.
Washington, DC: U.S. Departments of Education and Justice.)

In 1998, there were sixty school-associated violent deaths in the United States.
Forty-seven of these violent deaths were homicides, eleven were suicides, and
one teenager was killed by a law enforcement officer in the course of duty.
(Ibid.)

At the middle and high school levels, physical attack or fight without a weapon
was generally the most commonly reported crime in 1996-97 (9 and 8 per
1,000 students, respectively). (Ibid.)

Between 1995 and 1999, the percentage of students ages twelve through
eighteen who said they felt unsafe while at school decreased (from 9% to 5%),
as well as those who felt unsafe while going to and from school (from 7% to
4%). (Ibid.)

Between 1995 and 1999, the percentage of students ages twelve through
eighteen who avoided one or more places at school for fear of their own safety
decreased, from 9% to 5%. This percentage, however, represented 1.1 million
students in 1999. (Ibid.)

In 1999, about 13% of students ages twelve through eighteen reported that
someone at school had use hate-related words against them. That is, in the
prior six months someone at school called them a derogatory word having to
do with race/ethnicity, religion, disability, gender, or sexual orientation. In
addition, about 36% of students saw hate-related graffiti at school. (Ibid.)

Since the 1992-93 school year, there has been at least one multiple victim
homicide event each year (except for the 1993-94 school year). The number
increased from two events in 1992-93 to five events in 1997-98. (1999 Annual
Report on School Safety, Joint Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Departments of
Education and Justice.)

In 1997, there were 63 thefts for every 1,000 students (ages twelve to
eighteen) at school. Theft accounted for about 61% of all crime against students
at school that year. (Ibid., 4)

The overall crime school crime rate between 1993 and 1997 declined, from
about 155 school-related crimes for every 1,000 students ages twelve to
eighteen in 1993 to about 102 such crimes in 1997. Crime victimization outside
of school declined from about 139 crimes for every 1,000 students in this age
group in 1993 to 117 such crimes in 1997. (Ibid.)

In 1997, 5% of all 12th graders reported that they had been injured on purpose
with a weapon such as a knife, gun, or club during the prior twelve months
while they were at school. (Ibid., 5)

Gangs reportedly operate in 41% of urban schools, 26% of suburban schools,
and 20% of rural schools. (Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention. February 1999. Promising Strategies to Reduce Gun Violence.
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.)

Presented as a Public Service by

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Crime and Victimization

According to National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) data, from 1998 to
1999, the overall violent crime rate declined 10%, the result of a decrease in
the simple assault rate. Overall property crime rates declined due to lower rates
of burglary and household theft. (Rennison, C. August 2000. Criminal
Victimization 1999, Changes 1998-99 with Trends 1993-99. Washington, DC:
U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.)

In 1998, U.S. residents ages twelve or older experienced approximately 28.8
million crimes. Types of victimization are as follows: 74% (21.2 million) were
property crimes; 25% (7.4 million) were crimes of violence; and 1% were
personal thefts. (Ibid.)

Victims reported over four in ten (44%) violent crimes and over three in ten
(34%) property crimes to the police in 1999. Among violent crimes, victims
reported robberies most often (61%) and rape or sexual assaults least often
(28%). Among property crimes, motor vehicle thefts continued to be the
property crime most often reported (84%). (Ibid.)

Males were victims of overall violent crime at rates 28% greater and robbed at
rates more than two times that of females. (Ibid.)

Victimizations per every 1,000 persons ages twelve and older in 1999 included:
42 blacks, 34 Hispanics, 32 whites, and 25 persons of other races. (Ibid.)

In 1999, for every 1,000 persons ages twelve or older, there occurred twelve
rapes or sexual assaults, two assaults with serious injury, and four robberies.
(Ibid.)

According to the FBI Crime Clock for 1999: one violent crime occurred every
22 seconds; one murder every 34 minutes; one forcible rape every 6 minutes;
one robbery every minute; and one aggravated assault every 34 seconds.
Additionally, one property crime occurred every 3 seconds; one burglary every
15 seconds; one larceny-theft every 5 seconds; and one motor vehicle theft
every 27 seconds. In 1999, one Crime Index offense occurred every 3
seconds. (Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). 15 October 2000. Crime in
the United States, Uniform Crime Reports, 1999. Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Justice.)

In 1999, law enforcement agencies nationwide made an estimated 14 million
arrests for all criminal infractions excluding traffic violations. More specifically,
drug abuse violations accounted for 1.5 million arrests; driving under the
influence, approximately 1.5 million arrests; larceny-thefts, 1.2 million arrests;
and simple assaults, 1.3 million arrests. (Ibid., 211)

The 1999 rate for Crime Index offenses--4,267 for each 100,000 inhabitants in
the U.S.--was the lowest reported rate since 1973. (Ibid., 6)

Crime Index Offenses for 1999 include the following crimes and prevalence of
occurrence: larceny-theft (59.8%); burglary (18%); motor vehicle theft (9.9%);
aggravated assault (7.9%); robbery (3.5%); forcible rape (0.8%); and murder
(0.1%). (Ibid., 8, figure 2.3)

Of the 21% Crime Index clearance rate (excluding arson), murder offenses
were cleared most often (69.1%) and larceny-theft offenses cleared the least
(19.1%). (Ibid., 203)

Presented as a Public Service by

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Domestic Violence

Estimates from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) indicate that
in 1998, about 1 million violent crimes were committed against persons by their
current or former spouses, boyfriends, or girlfriends. (Rennison, C. et al. May
2000. "Intimate Partner Violence." Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report,
NCJ 178247. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice
Programs.)

About 85% of intimate victimizations by intimate partners in 1998, or 876,340
victimizations, were against women. (Ibid.)

Between 1993 and 1998, children under the age of twelve resided in 43% of
the households where intimate partner violence occurred. (Ibid.)

Intimate partner violence made up 22% of violent crime against women
between 1993 and 1998. By contrast, during this period intimate partners
committed 3% of the violence against men. (Ibid.)

The percentage of female murder victims killed by intimate partners has
remained at about 30% since 1976. (Ibid.)

Considered by age category, from 1993-98, women ages sixteen to
twenty-four experienced the highest per capita rates of intimate violence, 19.6
per 1,000 women. (Ibid.)

Overall, blacks were victimized by intimate partners at significantly higher rates
than persons of any other race between 1993 and 1998. Black females
experienced intimate partner violence at a rate 35% higher than that of white
females, and about 2.5 times the rate of women of other races. (Ibid.)

Between 1993 and 1998, almost two-thirds of intimate partner violence against
women, and about half of all intimate partner violence against men, occurred in
the victims' homes. Intimate partner violence occurred most often between 6
p.m. and 6 a.m. (Ibid.)

About half of all victims of intimate partner violence between 1993 and 1998
reported the violence to law enforcement authorities. (Ibid.)

Though the percentages of male and female victims of intimate partner violence
who were physically attacked were similar, the outcomes were different. Fifty
percent of female victims of intimate partner violence were injured by an
intimate partner versus 32% of male victims. (Ibid.)

In 1999, 67% of black women reported intimate partner violence to the police,
while 50% of white women reported intimate partner violence. (Rennison, C.
August 2000. Criminal Victimization 1999, Changes 1998-99 with Trends
1993-99. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice
Statistics.)

Data from the National Violence Against Women Survey indicate that violence
against women is predominantly intimate partner violence. Of the women who
reported being raped and/or physically assaulted since the age of eighteen,
three-quarters were victimized by a current or former husband, cohabiting
partner, date, or boyfriend. (National Institute of Justice and U.S. Department
of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
1998. Prevalence, Incidence, and Consequences of Violence Against Women:
Findings From the National Violence Against Women Survey. Washington,
DC: U.S. Department of Justice, 12.)

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Drunk Driving

In 1999, 15,786 alcohol-related fatalities occurred, or 38% of the total traffic
fatalities for the year. (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
(NHTSA). 2000. Traffic Safety Facts 1999, Alcohol. Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Transportation.)

For fatal crashes occurring between midnight and 3 a.m., 76% involved
alcohol. (Ibid.)

In 1999, 29% of all fatal crashes during the week were alcohol-related,
compared to 51% on weekends. For all crashes, the alcohol involvement rate
was 5% during the week and 13% during the weekend. (Ibid.)

Intoxication rates for vehicle operators involved in fatal crashes in 1999 were
highest for motorcycles (28%), followed by light trucks (20%), passenger cars
(17%), and large trucks (1%). (Ibid.)

An estimated 308,000 persons were injured in crashes where police reported
that alcohol was present--an average of one person injured approximately
every
two minutes. (Ibid.)

In 1999, 30% of all traffic fatalities occurred in crashes in which at least one
driver or nonoccupant had a BAC (blood alcohol concentration) of 0.10 or
greater. Seventy percent of the 12,321 people killed in such crashes were
themselves intoxicated. (Ibid.)

The 15,786 fatalities in alcohol-related crashes during 1999 represent an
average of one alcohol-related fatality every thirty-three minutes. (Ibid.)

All states and the District of Columbia now have 21-year-old minimum age
drinking laws. NHTSA estimates that these laws have reduced traffic fatalities
involving drivers eighteen to twenty years old by 13% and have saved an
estimated 19,121 lives since 1975. In 1999, an estimated 901 lives were saved
by minimum drinking age laws. (Ibid.)

The rate of alcohol involvement in fatal crashes is more than three times as high
at night as during the day (60% vs. 17%). For all crashes, the alcohol
involvement rate is more than five times as high at night (17% vs. 3%). (Ibid.)

The highest intoxication rates in fatal crashes were recorded for drivers ages
21-24 (27%), followed by ages 25-34 (24%), and ages 35-44 (21%). (Ibid.)

In 1999, 21% of the children under fifteen years old who were killed in motor
vehicle crashes were killed in alcohol-related crashes. (National Highway
Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). 2000. Traffic Safety Facts 1999,
Children. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation.)

Of the children 0-14 years old who were killed in alcohol-related crashes
during 1999, almost half (250) were passengers in vehicles with drivers who
had been drinking, with BAC levels of 0.01 or higher. (Ibid.)

In 1999, there was an estimated total of 1,511,300 (up from the 1998 figure of
968,868) arrests for driving under the influence of alcohol. (Federal Bureau of
Investigation (FBI). 15 October 2000. Crime in the United States, Uniform
Crime Reports, 1999. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, 211.)

Note: OVC makes no representation concerning the accuracy of data from
non-Department of Justice sources.

Presented as a Public Service by

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Elder Abuse and Neglect

In 1999, the rate of violent crime victimization of persons ages sixty-five or
older was 4 per 1,000. (Rennison, C. August 2000. Criminal Victimization
1999, Changes 1998-99 with Trends 1993-99, NCJ 182734. Washington,
DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.)

The first National Elder Abuse Incidence Study estimates that a total of
551,011 elderly persons, ages sixty and over, experienced abuse, neglect,
and/or self neglect in domestic settings in 1996. Of this total, 115,110 (21%)
were reported to and substantiated by adult protective service agencies, with
the remaining 435,901 (79%) not reported to APS agencies. These figures
indicate that almost four times as many new incidents of elder abuse, neglect,
and/or self-neglect were unreported than those reported in 1996. (National
Center on Elder Abuse. September 1998. National Elder Abuse Incidence
Study: Final Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, Administration for Children and Families and Administration on
Aging.)

Neglect of the elderly was the most frequent type of elder maltreatment
(48.7%); emotional/psychological abuse was the second (35.5%); physical
abuse was the third (25.6%); financial/material exploitation was the fourth
(30.2%); and abandonment was the least common (3.6%). (Ibid.)

Adult children comprised the largest category of perpetrators (47.3%) of
substantiated incidents of elder abuse; spouses followed second by 19.3%;
other relatives were third at 8.8%; and grandchildren followed last with 8.6%.
(Ibid.)

Three out of four elder abuse and neglect victims suffer from physical frailty.
About one-half (47.9%) of substantiated incidents of abuse and neglect
involved elderly persons who were not physically able to care for themselves,
while 28.7% of victims could care for themselves marginally. (Ibid.)

Some experts estimate that only one out of fourteen domestic elder abuse
incidents (excluding self-neglect) comes to the attention of authorities. Based on
these estimates, somewhere between 820,000 and 1,860,000 elders were
victims of abuse in 1996, indicating that the majority of cases went unreported
to state protective agencies. (Tatara, R. November 1997. "Reporting
Requirements and Characteristics of Victims." Domestic Elder Abuse
Information Series #3. Washington, DC: National Center on Elder Abuse, 1.)

From 1986 to 1996, there was a steady increase in the reporting of domestic
elder abuse nationwide, from 117,000 reported cases in 1986 to 293,000
reported cases in 1996--a 150.4% increase. (Ibid., 2)

According to the National Center on Elder Abuse, 66.4% of victims of
domestic elder abuse were white, 18.7% were black, 10.4% were Hispanic,
and 1% each were Native Americans and Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders
for the reporting year 1996. (Ibid.)

In 1996, 22.5% of all domestic elder abuse reports came from physicians and
other health care professionals; 15.1% from other care service providers;
16.3% from family members and relatives; and the remainder from other
reporting sources: police, friends, neighbors, clergy, banks/business institutions,
etc. (Ibid, 1)

Note: OVC makes no representation concerning the accuracy of data from
non-Department of Justice sources.

Presented as a Public Service by

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Financial Crime

Types of Internet fraud identified at the Internet Fraud Complaint Center
(IFCC) at the FBI's National White Collar Crime Center include: auction fraud,
nondelivery of products ordered, securities fraud, credit card fraud, identity
theft, business opportunities, and professional services. (National White Collar
Crime Center. 2000. <www.ifccfbi.gov>.)

The average monetary loss per complaint with IFCC is $675. (Ibid.)

More than 72% of the victims reporting Internet fraud to IFCC are male; over
77% of the male and female victims are between the ages of twenty to fifty.
(Ibid.)

In 1999, the total estimated arrests (based on all reporting agencies and
estimates for unreported areas) included: 363,800 arrests for fraud; 106,950
arrests for forgery and counterfeiting; 17,100 arrests for embezzlement; and
121,900 arrests for buying, receiving, and possessing stolen property. (Federal
Bureau of Investigation (FBI). 15 October 2000. Crime in the United States,
Uniform Crime Reports, 1999. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice,
212.)


In 1999, a total of $491 million in restitution was ordered in financial fraud and
institution matters pending before the U.S. Department of Justice. An additional
$5.5 million was ordered in fines. (Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). 2000.
Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics 1999. Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Justice, 314.)

In federal court in 1999, 1,198 defendants were convicted of embezzlement;
9,618 defendants were convicted of fraud; and 1,408 defendants were
convicted of forgery and counterfeiting in federal court. (Ibid., 432.)

The U.S. Justice Department successfully prosecuted 2,613 cases of financial
institution fraud in 1998. These convictions netted $62.4 million in recovered
assets and $491 million in court-ordered restitution to the victims of these
frauds. (Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). 1999. Sourcebook of Criminal
Justice Statistics 1998. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, 305,
table 3.159)

According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, senior citizens are targeted at
a rate of 34% of U.S. residents in fraud schemes. The general public is targeted
for telemarketing fraud at a rate of 30%, small businesses at 12%, and investors
at 7%. (Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). March 1998. Law Enforcement
Bulletin: Telemarketing Fraud. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice,
13.)

Federal prosecutors filed 322 new criminal health care fraud cases in 1998--a
14% increase over the previous year. During this same time period, federal
courts ordered convicted offenders to pay over $480 million in fines,
judgments, and settlements. (Health Care Fraud and Abuse Control Program
Annual Report for FY 1999. February 1999. Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Justice.)

The Secret Service reports that financial losses relating to identity fraud totaled
$745 million in 1997, while only two years earlier, such losses amounted to
$442 million. (Mannix, M. 1 June 1998. "Stolen Identity." U.S. News and
World Report.)

Note: OVC makes no representation concerning the accuracy of data from
non-Department of Justice sources.

Presented as a Public Service by

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Hate and Bias Crime

The Federal Bureau of Investigation reports that 7,876 hate crime incidents
were reported to law enforcement agencies nationwide in 1999. The 7,876
incidents involved 9,301 separate offenses, 9,802 victims, and 7,271 known
offenders. (Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). 15 October 2000. Crime in
the United States, Uniform Crime Reports, 1999. Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Justice, 59.)

Of the 7,876 hate crime incidents reported, 4,295 were motivated by racial
bias; 1,411 by religious bias; 1,317 by sexual orientation bias; 829 by
ethnicity/national origin bias; 19 by disability bias; and 5 by multiple biases.
(Ibid.)

In terms of incidents in 1999, 2,958 were anti-black; 1,109 were anti-Jewish;
915 were anti-gay men; 781 were anti-white; 466 were anti-Hispanic; 298
were anti-Asian/Pacific Islander; 187 were anti-gay women; and 47 were
anti-American Indian/Alaskan native. (Ibid.)

Crimes against persons accounted for over 67% of hate crime offenses
reported in 1999. Crimes against property accounted for over 33%, while less
than 1% were crimes against society. (Ibid., 60)

Of the hate crimes against persons in 1999, intimidation accounted for 53%,
while simple assault and aggravated assault represented 29% and 18%,
respectively. (Ibid.)

In 1999, racial bias represented the largest percentage of bias-motivated
offenses. Of the 9,301 reported offenses, 5,240 were motivated by racial bias.
(Ibid., 59)

Of those offenses motivated by bias by ethnicity/national origin in 1999, over
half of the incidents were reported as anti-Hispanic. (Ibid.)

Of those offenses motivated by bias against religious orientation in 1999, over
three-fourths were based upon anti-Jewish bias. (Ibid.)

In 1999, 63% of the 9,802 victims were targets of crimes against persons, as
opposed to property or society. Over 50% of hate crime victims were attacked
because of their race, with bias against blacks counting for 38% of the total.
(Ibid., 60)

Sixteen percent of all victims of hate/bias crimes in 1999 were victims of crimes
motivated by bias against sexual orientation; 69% of these were victims of
specifically anti-male homosexual bias, and 15% specifically anti-female
homosexual bias. (Ibid., 59)

Of the 7,271 known offenders in 1999, 68% were white and 16% black. Nine
percent of the offenders were of unknown races and 7% were of other races.
(Ibid., 60)

When considering offenses in 1999, 6,103 known offenders were connected
with crimes against persons; 1,444 were linked to crimes against property; and
46 were connected with crimes against society. (Ibid.)

Thirty percent of the 7,271 known offenders were involved with the offense of
intimidation, the single most reported offense in 1999. (Ibid.)

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Homicide

In 1999, the estimated number of persons murdered in the United States was
15,553. The 1999 figure was down 8% from 1998 and 28% from 1995.
(Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). 15 October 2000. Crime in the United
States, Uniform Crime Reports, 1999. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Justice, 14.)

The national murder rate in 1999 was 5.7 per 100,000 inhabitants, the lowest
since 1966. Five- and ten-year trends show the 1999 murder rate was 30%
lower than in 1995 and 39% lower than the 1990 rate. (Ibid.)

Firearms were used in approximately seven out of every ten murders committed
in the nation in 1999. (Ibid., 17)

Handguns accounted for 51% of the murder total for which weapon data were
submitted. (Ibid.)

Forty-two enforcement officers were feloniously slain in the line of duty during
1999, nineteen fewer than in 1998. (Ibid., 291)

In 1999, 47% of murder victims were black, 50% were white, and the
remaining 3% of murder victims were other races. Seventy-six percent of
murder victims were male and 88% were eighteen or older. (Ibid., 14)

Supplemental data for 1999 indicate that 48% of all murder victims knew their
assailants. Twelve percent of offenders were identified as strangers, and
offenders were unknown in 40% of murders. (Ibid. 17)

Handguns were used in 51% of all murders committed in 1999. Knives were
used in 13% of the cases; personal weapons (hands, fists, feet, etc.) in 7%; and
blunt objects in 6% of all murders. (Ibid.)

Males are over nine times more likely than females to commit murder, and male
and female offenders are more likely to target males as victims. (Bureau of
Justice Statistics (BJS). January 1999. Homicide Trends in the United States,
Bureau of Justice Statistics Crime Data Brief. Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs.)

Of all persons murdered in 1997, 11%, or 2,100, were under the age of
eighteen. Of these, 33% were under the age of six; 50% were ages fifteen
through seventeen; 30% were female; 47% were black; and 56% were killed
with a firearm. Forty percent were killed by family members, 45% by
acquaintances, and 15% by strangers. (National Center for Juvenile Justice.
September 1999. Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 1999 National Report.
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and
Delinquency Prevention, 17.)

In 1997, juvenile homicide rates were the lowest in the decade but still 21%
above the average of the 1980s. In 27% of homicides by juveniles, the victim
was also a juvenile. (Ibid., 53 and 54)

A firearm killed 70% of victims murdered by juveniles. Of all victims killed by
juveniles, 14% were family members; 55% were acquaintances; and 31% were
strangers. (Ibid., 54)

In 1997, an estimated 2,300 murders (approximately 12% of all murders) in the
United States involved at least one juvenile offender. In 31% of homicides
involving juvenile offenders, an adult offender was also involved. (Ibid.)

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Juvenile Crime and Victimization

Note: The FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) system and the Bureau of
Justice Statistics National Crime Victimization Survey do not collect information
about crimes committed against persons under twelve years of age and thus do
not provide a comprehensive picture of juvenile crime victimization. The FBI's
National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) includes detailed data
about juvenile victims and is designed to replace UCR as the national database
for crimes reported to law enforcement.

An analysis of 1997 NIBRS data reveals that while juveniles (youths ages
seventeen and younger) make up 26% of the population of the twelve
participating NIBRS states, they accounted for 71% of all sex crime victims
and 38% of all kidnapping victims. (Finkelhor, D. and R. Ormrod. June 2000.
Characteristics of Crimes Against Juveniles. Washington, DC: U.S. Department
of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.)

Girls outnumber boys as victims of sex offenses (82% vs. 18%) and kidnapping
(63% vs. 37%), while boys outnumber girls as victims of robbery (81% vs.
19%) and larceny (69% vs. 31%). Overall, boys are somewhat more likely
than girls to be victimized (55% vs. 45%). (Ibid.)

Juvenile violent crime is at its lowest level since 1987 and has fallen 30% from
1994 to 1998. The juvenile murder arrest rate has dropped 50% from 1993 to
1998. Other drops include: forcible rape down 25% from 1991 to 1998;
aggravated assault down 20% from 1994 to 1998; robbery down 45% from
1995 to 1998; and motor vehicle theft down 39% from 1989 to 1998. (Office
of Juvenile Justice Delinquency and Prevention. 1999. "Juvenile Arrests 1998."
Bulletin. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.)

In 1999, 17% of all persons arrested nationally were juveniles (ages eighteen
and under). (Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). 15 October 2000. Crime in
the United States, Uniform Crime Reports, 1999. Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Justice, 212.)

Nationally, 12% of the total clearances for forcible rape involved only juveniles
(persons under the age of eighteen). (Ibid., 25)

Juvenile males are much more likely than females to be victims of serious violent
crimes. In 1997, serious violent crime victimization rates were 33 per 1,000
male youth, compared to 21 per 1,000 female youth. (America's Children: Key
National Indicators of Well-Being. 1999. Washington, DC: Federal
Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics, 40.)

In 1997, the serious violent juvenile crime-offending rate was 31 crimes per
1,000 juveniles ages twelve to seventeen years old, or a total of 706,000 such
crimes. (Ibid., 41.)

Juveniles are more likely to be the victim of a violent crime in the four hours
following the end of the school day (roughly 2 p.m. to 6 p.m.) than at any other
time of the day. (National Center for Juvenile Justice. September 1999.
Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 1999 National Report. Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention,
34.)

The 1996 National Youth Gang Survey estimates there were approximately
31,000 gangs operating in 4,800 U.S. cities in 1995. These gangs had more
than 846,000 members, half of whom were under the age of eighteen. (Ibid.,
77)

Note: OVC makes no representation concerning the accuracy of data from
non-Department of Justice sources.

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Rape and Sexual Assault

In 1999, law enforcement agencies received reports of an estimated 89,167
forcible rapes, a 4% decline from 1998. (Federal Bureau of Investigation
(FBI). 15 October 2000. Crime in the United States, Uniform Crime Reports,
1999. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, 25.)

The highest percentage of rape offenses are those committed by force, or 89%
of rapes reported in 1999. Attempts or assaults to commit forcible rape
accounted for the remaining 11%. (Ibid.)

In 1999, participating law enforcement agencies made an estimated 28,830
arrests for forcible rape. (Ibid.)

Of those arrested for forcible rape in 1999, 44% were under the age of
twenty-five, and 61% were white. (Ibid.)

An estimated 64 of every 100,000 females in the country were reported rape
victims in 1999, a decrease of 5% from the 1998 rate, and 11% from the 1995
rate. (Ibid.)

By community type, in 1999, the forcible rape rate in metropolitan areas was
67 per 100,000 females; outside metropolitan areas, 66 per 100,000 females;
and in rural counties, 45 per 100,000 females. (Ibid.)

In 1999, almost seven in ten rape or sexual assault victims, in contrast to fewer
than five in ten aggravated assault victims, knew the offender(s) as
acquaintance, friend, or intimate. (Rennison, C. August 2000. Criminal
Victimization 1999, Changes 1998-99 with Trends 1993-99, NCJ 182734.
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.)

Nearly 25% of surveyed women and 7.6% of surveyed men said they were
raped and/or physically assaulted by a current or former spouse, cohabiting
partner, or date at some time in their lifetime. (Tjaden, P. and N. Thoennes.
July 2000. Extent, Nature, and Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence,
Findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey, NCJ 181867.
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice and
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.)

Of the estimated 4.8 million intimate partner rapes and physical assaults
perpetrated against women annually, approximately 2 million will result in an
injury to the victim, and 552,192 will result in some type of medical treatment to
the victim. (Ibid.)

One-third of all sexual assaults reported to law enforcement agencies involve a
victim under the age of twelve; one in four of these victims is male. (National
Center for Juvenile Justice. September 1999. Juvenile Offenders and Victims:
1999 National Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.)

In sexual assaults of adults, the offender was a stranger in 25% of incidents, a
family member in 12% of incidents, and an acquaintance in 63% of incidents.
(Ibid., 30)

In 1998, females sustained rape or sexual assault at a rate fourteen times that of
males (2.7 versus 0.2 victimizations per 1,000 persons). (Bureau of Justice
Statistics (BJS). July 1999. Criminal Victimization 1998: Changes 1997-98
with Trends 1993-98. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.)

In 1998, 74% of rape or sexual assault victims knew their offenders, and 18%
of victims were victimized by an intimate. (Ibid.)

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Sentencing and Corrections

Overall, the United States incarcerated 2,026,596 persons at year end 1999.
(Beck, A. August 2000. Prisoners in 1999, NCJ 183476. Washington, DC:
U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.)

The rate of incarceration in prison at year end 1999 was 476 sentenced inmates
per 100,000 U.S. residents--up from 292 in 1990. About 1 in every 110 men
and 1 in every 1,695 women were sentenced prisoners under the jurisdiction of
state or federal authorities. (Ibid.)

Of the 33,855 offenders returning to federal prison between 1986 and 1997,
54% returned within one year of being released; an additional 34% returned
within two years of being released. About 12% returned after two to three
years. (Sabol, W. et al. September 2000. Offenders Returning to Federal
Prison, 1986-97, NCJ 182991. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice,
Bureau of Justice Statistics.)

Offenders originally convicted of violent offenses were more likely to return
(32%) to federal prison within three years of their release than offenders who
had been convicted of property (17% returned), drug (13%) or public order
(15%) offenses. (Ibid.)

In 1996, state courts convicted 997,970 adult offenders on felony charges, an
average growth of approximately 5% every year since 1988. (Bureau of Justice
Statistics (BJS). May 1999. "Felony Sentences in State Courts." Bulletin.
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs.)

Of felons convicted, 54% were white, 44% were black, and 2% were other
races; the average age was thirty-one. (Ibid., 1)

Sixty-nine percent of all convicted felons were sentenced to a period of
confinement--38% to state prisons and 31% to local jails. The remaining 31%
were sentenced to straight probation with no jail or prison time to serve. (Ibid.,
3)

Under the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984, the proportion of defendants
sentenced to prison increased from 54% during 1988 to 71% during 1998.
(Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). September 1999. Federal Criminal Case
Processing, 1998. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.)

On September 30, 1998, 107,912 offenders were serving a prison sentence in
federal prison; 58% were incarcerated for a drug offense; 11% for a violent
offense; 8% for a weapons offense; 8% for a property offense; 7% for an
immigration offense; and 8% for all other offenses. (Ibid.)

Nearly seven in ten state prison admissions for a violent crime in 1997 were in
states requiring offenders to serve at least 85% of their sentence. (Bureau of
Justice Statistics (BJS). January 1999. "Truth in Sentencing in State Prisons."
Special Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.)

In 1996 the mean prison sentence for murder and non-negligent manslaughter
was 21+ years; the median was twenty-five years. (Bureau of Justice Statistics
(BJS). May 1999. "Felony Sentences in State Courts, 1996." Bulletin.
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, 3.)

Time to be served in federal prisons increased from 23 to 75 months for
weapons offenses and from 30 to 66 months for drug offenses. (Ibid., 1)

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Stalking 

Data from the National Violence Against Women (NVAW) Survey, a series of
telephone interviews with a nationally representative sample of 8,000 U.S.
women and 8,000 U.S. men about their experiences as victims of various forms
of violence (including intimate partner violence), indicates that stalking by
intimates is more prevalent than previously thought. The survey defines stalking
as a course of conduct directed at a specific person that involves repeated (two
or more occasions) visual or physical proximity; nonconsensual communication;
verbal, written, or implied threats; or a combination thereof, that would cause a
reasonable person harm. Almost 5% of surveyed women and 0.6% of
surveyed men reported being stalked by a current or former spouse, cohabiting
partner, or date at some time in their lifetime. (Tjaden, P. and N. Thoennes.
July 2000. Extent, Nature, and Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence,
NCJ 181867. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute
of Justice and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.)

Of those surveyed individuals who reported being stalked by such a partner in
the previous twelve months, 0.5% were women and 0.2% were men. (Ibid.)

Annually in the United States, 503,485 women and 185,496 men are stalked
by an intimate partner. (Ibid.)

Approximately one-half of stalking incidents perpetrated against female
respondents by intimates were reported to the police. (Ibid.)

Based on analyses of the NVAW Survey, prevalence rates of cyberstalking
roughly estimate that 8.2 million women will be stalked at some point during
their lifetime, and 1% of women have been stalked during the preceding twelve
months. (Cyberstalking: A New Challenge for Law Enforcement and Industry,
A Report from the Attorney General to the Vice President. August 1999.)

Data from a survey of randomly chosen college students, using a definition of
stalking as "repeated and obsessive behavior that made you afraid or
concerned for your safety," found 156.5 incidents of stalking per 1,000 female
students and 130.7 victims per 1,000 female students. (Fisher, B. and F.
Cullen. 1999. The Extent and Nature of the Sexual Victimization of College
Women. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of
Justice.)

With respect to stalking behavior in the above-cited survey, 42% of stalkers
followed the victim; 52% of stalkers waited outside or inside places; 44% of
stalkers watched from afar; 78% telephoned; 31% sent letters; and 25%
e-mailed the victim. (Ibid.)

Seventy-three percent of the victims had taken some action in response to the
stalking, including: avoidance or attempt at avoidance of stalker (43.2%); no
acknowledgement of messages or e-mails (8.8%); improved residential security
system (4.1%); began traveling with a companion (3.9%); and filing of a
grievance or initiated disciplinary action with university (3.3%). (Ibid.)

Researchers estimated that about one-third of stalking victims reported they
had sought psychological treatment. In addition, one-fifth lost time from work,
and 7% of those never returned to work. (National Institute of Justice.
November 1997. "The Crime of Stalking: How Big is the Problem?" Bulletin,
citing The National Violence Against Women Survey, sponsored by National
Institute of Justice and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.)

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Substance Abuse and Crime

A total of 1.5 million arrests were reported in 1999 for drug abuse violations.
(Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). 15 October 2000. Crime in the United
States, Uniform Crime Reports, 1999. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Justice, 211.)

The number of persons incarcerated in state prisons for drug offenses increased
19% between 1990 and 1998. (Beck, A. August 2000. Prisoners in 1999,
NCJ 183476. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice
Statistics.)

In 1995 and 1997, almost one-third of all students in grades nine through
twelve (32%) reported that someone had offered, sold, or given them an illegal
drug on school property. This was an increase from 1993, when 24% of such
students reported that illegal drugs were available to them on school property.
(Kaufman, P. et al. 2000. Indicators of School Crime and Safety, 2000. NCES
2001-017/NCJ-184176. Washington, DC: U.S. Departments of Education
and Justice.)

In 1997, about 51% of students in grades nine through twelve had at least one
drink of alcohol in the previous thirty days. (Ibid.)

High school seniors who used drugs were more likely than those who did not to
be the victims of violence. Eleven percent of students using drugs (other than
marijuana) three or more times reported they had been injured with a weapon,
and 21% had been injured on purpose without the use of a weapon. (Office of
Juvenile Justice Delinquency and Prevention. Juvenile Offenders and Victims:
1999 National Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, 36.)

One-half of all state inmates and a third of convicted jail inmates serving time
for violence against an intimate reported that they had been drinking for six or
more hours prior to the offense. (Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). March
1998. Violence by Intimates, Analysis of Data on Crimes by Current or Former
Spouses, Boyfriends, and Girlfriends. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Justice, 28.)

It is estimated that nearly 14 million U.S. residents, ages twelve and older, used
illicit drugs in 1997. Of that number, 4 million were thought to be chronic drug
users--3.6 million chronic cocaine users and 810,000 heroin users. (Office of
National Drug Control Policy. National Drug Control Strategy, 1999.
Washington, DC: Executive Office of the President of the United States.)

The rate of drug-related murders declined from 1,302 in 1992 to 786 in 1997.
(Ibid.)


In 1997, 62.5% of the federal inmate population were sentenced for drug
offenses, up from 53% in 1990. (Ibid.)

The National Institute of Justice's Arrestee and Drug Abuse Monitoring
drug-testing program found that more than 60% of adult male arrestees tested
positive for drugs in 1997. (Ibid., 24)

Researchers estimate that one-fourth to one-half of men who commit acts of
domestic violence also have substance-abuse problems. (Ibid., 25)

A survey of state child welfare agencies by the National Committee to Prevent
Child Abuse found substance abuse to be one of the top two problems
exhibited by 81% of families reported for child maltreatment. (Ibid.)

Note: OVC makes no representation concerning the accuracy of data from
non-Department of Justice sources.

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Victims with Disabilities

The FBI's Uniform Crime Reports show that in 1999, of the 9,301 reported
bias-motivated offenses, twenty-one were motivated by disability bias, eleven
of which were motivated by anti-physical disability bias and ten by anti-mental
disability bias. (Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). 15 October 2000.
Crime in the United States, Uniform Crime Reports, 1999. Washington, DC:
U.S. Department of Justice, 59.)

Approximately 54 million Americans live with a wide variety of physical,
cognitive, and emotional disabilities. (Tyiska, C. September 1998. "Working
with Victims of Crime with Disabilities." Office for Victims of Crime Bulletin.
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office for Victims of Crime.)

Estimates indicate that at least 6 million serious injuries occur each year due to
crime, resulting in either temporary or permanent disability. The National
Rehabilitation Information Center has estimated that as many as 50% of
patients who are long-term residents of hospitals and specialized rehabilitation
centers are there due to crime-related injuries. (Ibid.)

Children with any kind of disability are more than twice as likely as nondisabled
children to be physically abused and almost twice as likely to be sexually
abused. (Ibid., citing Petersilia, J. Report to the California Senate Public Safety
Committee Hearings on Persons with Developmental Disabilities in the Criminal
Justice System.)

Research conducted by the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect
(NCCAN) in 1993 found that of all children who are abused, 17.2% had
disabilities. Of all children who were sexually abused, 15.2% had disabilities.
(Crosse, S., E. Kaye, and A. Ratnofsky. 1993. A Report on the Maltreatment
of Children with Disabilities. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health,
Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Child, Youth, and
Families, National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect.)

Of the children with maltreatment-related injuries, child protection case workers
reported that maltreatment directly contributed to, or was likely to have led to,
disabilities for 62% of the children who experienced sexual abuse, for 48% of
children who experienced emotional abuse, and for 55% of children who
experienced neglect. (Ibid.)

Research consistently shows that women with disabilities, regardless of age,
race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or class, are assaulted, raped, and abused at
a rate of two times greater than non-disabled women. (Sobsey, D. 1994.
Violence and Abuse in the Lives of People with Disabilities. Baltimore, MD:
Paul H. Brookes; Cusitar, L. 1994. Strengthening the Links: Stopping the
Violence. Toronto: DisAbled Women's Network (DAWN).

The risk of being physically or sexually assaulted for adults with developmental
disabilities is likely four to ten times as high as it is for other adults. (Sobsey, D.,
supra.)

People with developmental and other severe disabilities represent at least 10%
of the population of the United States. Of this population group: 1.8% of the
individuals have developmental disabilities; 5% of the individuals have adult
onset brain impairment; and 2.8% of the individuals have severe major mental
disorders. (Sorenson, D. November 1996. "The Invisible Victim," The
California Prosecutor, XIX (1).)

Note: OVC makes no representation concerning the accuracy of data from
non-Department of Justice sources.

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Workplace Violence and Crime

In 1998, there were 709 homicides in the workplace, down from 860 in 1997.
Of this number, 521 victims (73%) were wage and salary workers and 188
(27%) were self-employed . (Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). 2000.
Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics 1999. Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Justice, 306.)

In 80% of workplace homicides in 1998, a firearm was used to kill the victim.
The remaining murder victims were either stabbed (9%), beaten (7), or killed
with another type of weapon (4%). (Ibid.)

Over half of all victims killed in the workplace were between twenty-five and
forty-four years of age; 19%, between forty-five and fifty-four; 12%, between
fifty-five and sixty-four; 9%, twenty-four years and younger; and 7%, sixty-five
and older. (Ibid.)

In 1998, 80% of workplace homicide victims died during robberies of their
workplace; 14% were killed by work associates (9% by current or former
co-workers and 5% by clients); and the remaining 6% were killed by personal
acquaintances (2% by husbands or ex-husbands, 1% by boyfriends or
ex-boyfriends, and 4% by other family members). (Ibid.)   

Seventy-seven percent of workplace violence victims in 1998 were male and
23% were female. Sixty-six percent of these victims were white; 18% were
black; 14% were Hispanic (*); 10% were Asian or Pacific Islander; 1% were
American Indian, Eskimo or Aleut; and the remaining 5% were of other or
unspecified races. (*Persons identified as Hispanic may be of other races;
therefore, total will exceed 100%). (Ibid.)

Of selected occupations examined from 1992 to 1996, law enforcement
officers were the most vulnerable to be victims of workplace violence. Other
occupations with high rates of victimization included private security guards, taxi
drivers, prison and jail guards, and bartenders. (Bureau of Justice Statistics
(BJS). July 1999. Criminal Victimization 1998: Changes 1997-98 with Trends
1993-98. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.)

Homicide is the second leading cause of fatal occupational injury in the nation.
Nearly 1,000 workers are murdered and 1.5 million assaulted in the workplace
each year. The 709 workplace homicides in 1998 accounted for 12% of the
total 6,026 fatal work injuries that year. (Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
1999. National Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, 1998. Washington, DC:
U.S. Department of Labor.)

Currently, one out of every six violent crimes experienced by U.S. residents
ages twelve or older occurs in the workplace, including 20.5% of all reported
assaults, 10.8% of all reported rapes, and 6.5% of all reported robberies.
(Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). July 1998. "Workplace Violence, 1992-96:
National Crime Victimization Survey." Special Report. Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Justice.)

Workplace violence costs American business approximately $4.2 billion a year,
conservatively estimating that each significant episode runs upwards of
$250,000 in lost work time, employee medical benefits, and legal expenses.
(Albrecht, S. 1997. Fear and Violence on the Job: Prevention Solutions for the
Dangerous Workplace. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.)

Note: OVC makes no representation concerning the accuracy of data from
non-Department of Justice sources.

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Accessing Information: OVC Resource Center and Other Services

VICTIMS' RESOURCES IN THE INFORMATION AGE

The advent of information technologies, especially the enormous growth of the
Internet, has changed the way in which information about crime victims' issues is
being made available to researchers, advocates, and practitioners. Today,
victims and victim service providers can instantly access an enormous amount
of information specific to their needs, including the latest research findings,
statistical reports, program descriptions, grant and funding sources, evaluations
on victim issues, promising practices, and referrals to professional organizations
in the victim-serving community.

For victims and victim service providers, information access begins with the
Office for Victims of Crime Resource Center (OVCRC), a component of the
National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). Established by the
Office for Victims of Crime (OVC), U.S. Department of Justice, OVCRC is
your primary source for crime victim information. OVCRC is accessible 24
hours a day through the NCJRS World Wide Web Justice Information Center
and Fax-on-Demand where menus provide information and publications from
all Office for Justice Program (OJP) agencies--Office for Victims of Crime,
National Institute of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention, Bureau of Justice Statistics, and Bureau of Justice Assistance--as
well as from the Office of National Drug Control Policy. In addition to the Web
site, victim assistance professionals can benefit by taking advantage of various
online services, such as the Justice Information (JUSTINFO) Electronic
Newsletter, e-mail inquiries, the Conference Calender Database, and the
Online Ordering Store. NCJRS also has highly trained information specialists to
personally answer questions and direct individuals to the best resources
available. Furthermore, NCJRS offers allied professionals an opportunity to be
placed on their mailing list to receive up-to-date information via the NCJRS
Catalog. Together with online services, Fax-on-Demand, and personal
assistance, NCJRS and OVCRC can help victim advocates know more to
better serve the needs of victims of crime.

ACCESSING NCJRS AND OVCRC ONLINE

To contact NCJRS, call 800-851-3420. NCJRS Online can be accessed in
the following ways:

o NCJRS World Wide Web Homepage. The homepage provides NCJRS
information, and links to other criminal justice resources from around the world.
The NCJRS Web page provides information about NCJRS and OJP
agencies, grant-funding opportunities, full-text publications, key-word searching
of NCJRS publications, access to the NCJRS Abstracts Database, the current
NCJRS Catalog, and a topical index. The address for the NCJRS Homepage
is <http://www.ncjrs.gov>.

o NCJRS Online Ordering System. Publications, videos, and other materials
that pertain to criminal justice, juvenile justice, and drug control policy can now
be ordered at any time. The online store is open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week
at <https://puborder.ncjrs.gov/>.

o Justice Information (JUSTINFO) Electronic Newsletter. This free, online
newsletter is distributed to your Internet e-mail address on the 1st and 15th of
each month. JUSTINFO contains information concerning a wide variety of
subjects, including news from all Office of Justice Programs (OJP) agencies and
the Office of National Drug Control Policy; criminal justice resources on the
Internet; criminal justice funding and program information; and announcements
about new NCJRS products and services. To subscribe, send an e-mail to
<listproc@ncjrs.gov> with the message subscribe justinfo [your name].

o E-Mail: Information and Help. Users requiring technical assistance or having
specific questions on criminal and juvenile justice topics can send an e-mail to
<askncjrs@ncjrs.gov>. To place an order for publications, users may send an
e-mail to <puborder@ncjrs.gov>.

OTHER NCJRS ELECTRONIC INFORMATION SERVICES

o Fax-on-demand. NCJRS has established a "fax-on-demand" service that
allows the user to obtain copies of selected NCJRS documents directly through
their own fax machine, using a toll-free telephone number. To access the
fax-on-demand menu, simply call 1-800-851-3420, and follow the prompts.

o CD-ROM and Online Access to the Abstracts Database. Users with
CD-ROM capability can also obtain the NCJRS Abstracts Database on
CD-ROM. This disc features citations and abstracts of more than 140,000
criminal justice books, research reports, journal articles, government
documents, program descriptions, program evaluations, and training manuals
contained in the NCJRS Research and Information Center library collection.
The disc also contains search software that supports retrieval, using any
combination of words to search individual fields or all fields globally. The disc
can be searched using "free text" methods, or in combination with the National
Criminal Justice Thesaurus. In addition, the NCJRS Abstracts Database is
available on the NCJRS Homepage at <http://www.ncjrs.gov/database.htm>.

VICTIM-RELATED INTERNET SITES

Crime victims and victim service providers have witnessed a remarkable growth
in the amount of information available to them, through the continued
development of the Internet--especially the World Wide Web. Now,
victim-serving agencies and advocacy organizations have the ability to reach
around the corner or around the world with information about new issues,
services, and promising practices designed to improve the welfare of victims of
all types of crime. In an effort to present the most comprehensive and timely
information available through this vast medium, the Office for Victims of Crime
has substantially revised its World Wide Web homepage. OVC encourages
crime victims and victim service providers alike to visit this comprehensive
resource, located at <http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/>.

Many other agencies and organizations are now providing victim-related
information through the World Wide Web. The following is a list of sites on the
Web that contain information on selected crime victimization topics. Please note
that this list is intended only to provide a sample of available resources, and
does not constitute an endorsement of opinions, resources, or statements made
therein.

o Federal Agencies/Resources

Bureau of Justice Assistance--http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/BJA

Bureau of Justice Statistics--http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov

Center for Substance Abuse Prevention--http://www.samhsa.gov/csap

Center for Substance Abuse Treatment--http://www.samhsa.gov/csat

Centers for Disease Control--http://www.cdc.gov

Community-Oriented Police Office (COPS)--http://www.justice.gov/cops/

FBI Uniform Crime Reports-Statistical Data--http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/crime/

Federal Judicial Center--http://www.fjc.gov/

GovBot Database of Government Web sites--
http://ciir.cs.umass.edu/ciirdemo/Govbot/index1.html

Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention--
http://www.edc.org/hec/

National Archive of Criminal Justice Data--
http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/NACJD/home.html

National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information--
http://www.health.org/

National Domestic Violence Hotline--http://www.ojp.gov/vawo/newhotline.htm

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration--http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov

NCJRS Justice Information Center--http://www.ncjrs.gov

National Institute of Corrections--http://www.nicic.org/

National Institute of Justice--http://www.ncjrs.gov/nijhome.htm

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism--http://www.niaaa.nih.gov

National Institute on Drug Abuse--http://www.drugabuse.gov


National Maternal and Child Health Clearinghouse--http://www.nmchc.org

Nonprofit Gateway--http://www.nonprofit.gov

Office of Justice Programs--http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov

Office of Juvenile Justice Delinquency and Prevention--
http://www.ojjdp.ncjrs.gov

Office for Victims of Crime (OVC)--http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/

Office of National Drug Control Policy Information Clearinghouse--
http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov

THOMAS: Federal Legislation--http://thomas.loc.gov

U.S. Department of Education Campus Security and Safety--
http://www.ed.gov/offices/OPE/index.html

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Grantsnet--
http://www.os.dhhs.gov/progorg/grantsnet/index.html

U.S. Department of Justice--http://www.justice.gov/

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center on PTSD--
http://www.ncptsd.org

U.S. Parole Commission--http://www.justice.gov/uspc/parole.htm

U.S. Supreme Court--http://www.supremecourtus.gov

Violence Against Women Office--http://www.ojp.gov/vawo/

o National Victim-related Organizations

American Bar Association Center on Children and the Law--
http://www.abanet.org/child/

American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children--
http://www.apsac.org/

Anti-Defamation League--http://www.adl.org/hate-patrol/main.html


Child Abuse Prevention Association--http://www.capa.org

Child Abuse Prevention Network--http://child.cornell.edu

Childhelp USA--http://www.childhelpusa.org

Child Quest International--http://www.childquest.org/

Child Welfare League of America--http://www.cwla.org

Concerns of Police Survivors (COPS)--http://www.nationalcops.org

Family Violence Prevention Fund--http://www.fvpf.org/

Institute on Domestic Violence in the African American Community--
http://www.dvinstitute.org 

Mothers Against Drunk Driving--http://www.madd.org

National Center for Missing & Exploited Children--http://www.missingkids.org

National Center for Victims of Crime--http://www.ncvc.org

National Center on Elder Abuse--http://www.gwjapan.com/NCEA/

National Children's Alliance--http://www.nncac.org

National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect Information--
http://www.calib.com/nccanch

National Coalition Against Domestic Violence--http://www.ncadv.org

National Coalition of Homicide Survivors--http://www.mivictims.org

National Commission Against Drunk Driving--http://www.ncadd.com

National Court Appointed Special Advocates (CASA) Association--
http://www.nationalcasa.org/

National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center--
http://www.musc.edu/cvc/

National Fraud Information Center--http://www.fraud.org

National Insurance Crime Bureau--http://www.nicb.org

National Organization for Victim Assistance--http://www.try-nova.org

National Sexual Violence Research Center--http://www.nsvrc.org

National Victim Assistance Academy (OVC)--
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/assist/vaa.htm

National Victim Assistance Academy (VALOR)--http://www.nvaa.org

National Victims Constitutional Amendment Network--http://www.nvcan.org

National Violence Against Women Prevention Research Center--
http://www.violenceagainstwomen.org

Neighbors Who Care--http://www.neighborswhocare.org

Parents of Murdered Children (POMC)--http://www.pomc.com

Safe Campuses Now--http://www.uga.edu/~safe-campus/

Security on Campus--http://www.campussafety.org/

Victims' Assistance Legal Organization (VALOR)--
http://www.valor-national.org

o National Criminal and Juvenile Justice- and Public Policy-related
Associations

American Correctional Association--http://www.corrections.com/aca

American Correctional Health Services Association--
http://www.corrections.com/achsa/

American Jail Association--http://www.corrections.com/aja

American Probation and Parole Association--http://www.appa-net.org

American Prosecutors Research Institute--http://www.ndaa-apri.org

Association of State Correctional Administrators--http://www.asca.net

Balanced and Restorative Justice Project--http://ssw.che.umn.edu/rjp

Center for Juvenile and Criminal Justice--http://www.cjcj.org

Center for Restorative Justice & Peacemaking--
http://ssw.che.umn.edu/rjp/default.html

Center for Sex Offender Management--http://www.csom.org

Community Anti-drug Coalitions of America--http://www.cadca.org

Community Justice Exchange--http://www.communityjustice.org

Community Policing Consortium--http://www.communitypolicing.org

Correctional Education Association--http://metalab.unc.edu/icea

Council of State Governments--http://www.csg.org

Institute for Law and Justice--http://www.ilj.org

International Association of Campus Law Enforcement Administrators--
http://www.iaclea.org/

International Association of Chiefs of Police--http://www.theiacp.org

Join Together to Reduce Substance Abuse--http://www.jointogether.org

Justice Policy Institute--http://www.cjcj.org/jpi

National Association for Community Mediation--http://www.nafcm.org/

National Association of Attorneys General--http://www.naag.org

National Association of Counties (NACo)--http://www.naco.org

National Association of Drug Court Professionals--http://www.nadcp.org

National Association of Police Organizations--http://www.napo.org

National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse--
http://www.casacolumbia.org

National Center for State Courts--http://www.ncsc.dni.us

National Conference of State Legislatures--http://www.ncsl.org

National Consortium for Justice Information and Statistics--
http://www.search.org

National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges--
http://www.ncjfcj.unr.edu/

National Criminal Justice Association--http://www.sso.org/ncja/index.htm

National District Attorneys Association--http://www.ndaa.org

National Governors Association--http://www.nga.org/

National Indian Justice Center--http://www.nijc.indian.com/

National Institute for Dispute Resolution--http://www.crenet.org/

National Judicial College--http://www.judges.org

National Juvenile Detention Association--
http://www.corrections.com/njda/top.html

National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center--
http://www.nlectc.org

National League of Cities--http://www.nlc.org

National Network of Violence Prevention Practitioners--
http://www.edc.org/HHD/NNVPP/index.html

National Organization for Black Law Enforcement--http://www.noblentnl.org

National Sheriffs' Association--http://www.sheriffs.org/

Office of Correctional Education--http://www.ed.gov/offices/OVAE/OCE/

Police Executive Research Forum--http://www.policeforum.org

Police Foundation--http://www.policefoundation.org

Restorative Justice Project--http://www.fresno.edu/dept/pacs/rjp.html

Southern Poverty Law Center--http://splcenter.org

State Justice Institute--http://www.statejustice.org

Victim Offender Mediation Association--http://www.voma.org/

o State-level VOCA Victim Assistance Agencies & Crime Victim
Compensation Programs

Alabama--http://www.agencies.state.al.us/crimevictims/

Alaska--http://www.dps.state.ak.us/vccb/htm/

Arizona--http://www.dps.state.az.us/voca/

Arkansas--http://www.ag.state.ar.us/

California--http://www.boc.cahwnet.gov/victims.htm

Colorado--http://cdpsweb.state.co.us/ovp/ovp.htm

Connecticut--http://www.jud.state.ct.us/

Delaware--http://www.state.de.us/cjc/index.html

Florida--http://legal.firn.edu/victims/index.html

Georgia--http://www.ganet.org/cjcc

Hawaii--http://www.cpja.ag.state.hi.us

Idaho--http://www2.state.id.us/iic/index.htm

Illinois--http://www.ag.state.il.us/

Indiana--http://www.state.in.us/cji/

Iowa--http://www.state.ia.us/government/ag/cva.html

Kansas--http://www.ink.org/public/ksag/contents/crime/cvcbrochure.htm

Louisiana--http://www.cole.state.la.us/cvr.htm

Maine--http://www.state.me.us/ag/victim.htm

Maryland--http://www.dpscs.state.md.us/cicb/

Mississippi--http://www.dfa.state.ms.us/

Missouri--http://www.dolir.state.mo.us/wc/dolir6f.htm

Montana--http://www.doj.state.mt.us/whoweare.htm

Nebraska--http://www.nol.org/home/crimecom/

New Hampshire--http://www.state.nh.us/nhdoj/index.html

New Jersey--http://www.state.nj.us/victims/

New Mexico--http://www.state.nm.us/cvrc/

New York--http://www.cvb.state.ny.us/

North Carolina--http://www.nccrimecontrol.org/vjs/

Ohio--http://www.ag.ohio.gov/crimevic/cvout.htm

Oklahoma--http://www.dac.state.ok.us/

Oregon--http://www.doj.state.or.us/CrimeV/welcome1.htm

Pennsylvania--http://www.pccd.state.pa.us/

Rhode Island--http://www.state.ri.us/treas/vcfund.htm

South Carolina--http://www.state.sc.us/governor/

South Dakota--http://www.state.sd.us/social/cvc/

Tennessee--http://www.treasury.state.tn.us/injury.htm

Texas--http://www.oag.state.tx.us/victims/victims.htm


Utah--http://www.crimevictim.state.ut.us/

Vermont--http://www.ccvs.state.vt.us/

Virginia--http://www.dcjs.state.va.us/victims/index.htm

Washington--http://www.wa.gov/lni/workcomp/cvc.htm

West Virginia--http://www.legis.state.wv.us/coc/victims/main.html

Wisconsin--http://www.doj.state.wi.us/cvs/cvc.htm

Wyoming--http://www.state.wy.us/~ag/victims/index.html

o Federal and State Corrections

Federal Bureau of Prisons--http://www.bop.gov

Alaska Department of Correction--http://www.correct.state.ak.us/

Alabama Department of Corrections--http://www.agencies.state.al.us/doc/

Arizona Department of Correction--http://www.adc.state.az.us:81/

Arkansas Department of Correction--http://www.state.ar.us/doc/

California Department of Correction--http://www.cdc.state.ca.us/

Colorado Department of Correction--http://www.doc.state.co.us/index.html

Connecticut Department of Correction--http://www.state.ct.us/doc/

Delaware Department of Corrections--http://www.state.de.us/correct

Florida Department of Correction--http://www.dc.state.fl.us/

Georgia Department of Correction--http://www.dcor.state.ga.us/

Hawaii Department of Public Safety--http://www.hawaii.gov/icsd/psd/psd.html

Idaho Department of Correction--http://www.corr.state.id.us/

Illinois Department of Correction--http://www.idoc.state.il.us/

Indiana Department of Correction--http://www.ai.org/indcorrection/

Iowa Department of Correction--http://www.doc.state.ia.us/

Kansas Department of Correction--http://www.ink.org/public/kdoc/

Kentucky Justice Cabinet--http://www.jus.state.ky.us/

Louisiana Commission on Law Enforcement & Criminal Justice--
http://www.cole.state.la.us/

Maine Department of Correction--
http://janus.state.me.us/corrections/homepage.htm

Maryland Department of Correction--http://www.dpscs.state.md.us/doc/

Massachusetts Department of Correction--http://www.magnet.state.ma.us/doc/

Michigan Department of Correction--http://www.state.mi.us/mdoc/

Minnesota Department of Corrections--http://www.corr.state.mn.us/

Mississippi Department of Corrections--http://www.mdoc.state.ms.us/

Missouri Department of Corrections--http://www.corrections.state.mo.us/

Montana Department of Corrections--http://www.state.mt.us/cor

Nebraska Department of Correctional Services--
http://www.corrections.state.ne.us/

Nevada Department of Corrections--http://www.state.nv.us/inprog.htm

New Hampshire Department of Corrections--http://www.state.nh.us/doc/

New Jersey State Department of Correction--
http://www.state.nj.us/corrections

New Mexico Department of Correction--http://www.state.nm.us/corrections/

New York State Department of Correctional Services--
http://www.docs.state.ny.us/

New York City Department of Correction--http://www.ci.nyc.ny.us/html/doc/

North Carolina Department of Correction--http://www.doc.state.nc.us/

Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction--http://www.drc.state.oh.us/

Oregon Department of Correction--http://www.doc.state.or.us/

Oklahoma Department of Correction--http://www.doc.state.ok.us/

Pennsylvania Department of Correction--http://www.cor.state.pa.us/

Rhode Island Department of Correction--http://www.doc.state.ri.us/

South Carolina Department of Correction--http://www.state.sc.us/scdc/

South Dakota Department of Correction--
http://www.state.sd.us/corrections/corrections.html

Tennessee Department of Correction--http://www.state.tn.us/correction

Texas Department of Correction--http://www.tdcj.state.tx.us/

Utah Department of Correction--http://www.cr.ex.state.ut.us/home.htm

Vermont Criminal Justice Services--http://170.222.24.9/cjs/index.html

Virginia Department of Correction--http://www.cns.state.va.us/doc/

Washington State Department of Correction--http://access.wa.gov/

West Virginia Division Of Corrections--
http://www.state.wv.us/wvdoc/default.htm

Wisconsin Department of Correction--http://www.wi-doc.com/

Wyoming Department of Correction--http://doc.state.wy.us/corrections.html

o State Coalitions and Related Resources

Connecticut Sexual Assault Crisis Services--http://www.connsacs.org/


Iowa Organization for Victim Assistance--
http://www.netins.net/showcase/i_weaver/iova/

Michigan Crime Victim Rights--http://www.gop.senate.state.mi.us/cvr/

Missouri Victim Assistance Network--http://mova.missouri.org/

Safe Horizon (New York City region)--http://www.safehorizon.org/

South Carolina Victim Assistance Network--http://www.scvan.org/

Texans for Equal Justice--http://www.tej.lawandorder.com/index.htm

o Other Victim Resources

Action Without Borders - Nonprofit Directory--http://www.idealist.org

Alliance for Justice--http://www.afj.org

American Humane Association--http://www.americanhumane.org

APA - American Psychological Association--http://www.apa.org/

Battered Women's Justice Center--http://www.law.pace.edu/bwjc

Cecil Greek's Criminal Justice Page--http://www.fsu.edu/~crimdo/law.html

Children's Institute International--http://www.childrensinstitute.org/

Communities Against Violence Network (CAVNET)--
http://www.asksam.com/cavnet/

The Compassionate Friends--http://www.compassionatefriends.com/

Corporate Alliance to End Partner Violence--http://www.caepv.org/main.htm

Elder Abuse Prevention--http://www.oaktrees.org/elder

International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies--http://www.istss.org/

International Victimology Website--http://www.victimology.nl/

Jewish Women International--http://www.jewishwomen.org/

Justice for All--http://www2.jfa.net/jfa/

Michigan State University Victims and the Media Program--
http://www.victims.jrn.msu.edu 

National Coalition of Homicide Survivors--http://www.mivictims.org/nchs/

National Mental Health Association--http://www.nmha.org 

National Organization on Male Sexual Victimization--
http://www.malesurvivor.org 

National Parent Information Network--http://www.npin.org

Out of the Blue (Domestic Violence in the Jewish Community)--
http://hometown.aol.com/blue10197/index.html

Post Trauma Resources--http://www.posttrauma.com

Rape, Abuse, and Incest National Network--http://www.rainn.org/

Rape Recovery Help and Information--
http://www.geocities.com/HotSprings/2402/

Safe Campuses Now--http://www.uga.edu/~safe-campus/front.html

Search Yahoo for Victims' Rights--
http://www.yahoo.com/Society_and_Culture/Crime/Victims__Rights/

Sexual Assault Information Page--
http://www.cs.utk.edu/~bartley/saInfoPage.html

The Stalking Victim's Sanctuary--http://www.stalkingvictims.com/

Stephanie Roper Committee and Foundation--http://www.stephanieroper.org

Survivors of Stalking--http://www.soshelp.org 

Victim Assistance Online--http://www.vaonline.org

Violence Policy Center--http://www.vpc.org


Workplace Violence Research Institute--http://www.noworkviolence.com/

o Legal Research/Resources

Findlaw--http://www.findlaw.com/

State Law and Legislative Information--http://www.washlaw.edu/

U.S. Supreme Court Decisions--http://supct.law.cornell.edu/supct/

o Media

American Journalism Review Newslink--http://www.newslink.org/

Criminal Justice Journalists--http://www.reporters.net/cjj 

News Index--http://newsindex.com

Newspapers Online--http://www.newspapers.com

Public Relations Society of America--http://www.prsa.org

Special thanks is extended to Steve Derene, Program Manger for the Office of
Crime Victim Services at the Wisconsin Department of Justice, and Promising
Strategies and Practices in Using Technology to Benefit Crime Victims,
sponsored by the National Center for Victims of Crime with support from the
Office for Victims of Crime, U.S. Department of Justice, for providing much of
the Web site information included in this section.

2001 NCVRW Resource Guide--Accessing Info, Page 1

----------------------------

NCVRW Resource Guide Co-Sponsors

American Correctional Association, Victims Committee
4380 Forbes Boulevard
Lanham, MD 20706-4332
Phone: 301-918-1800/800-ACA-JOIN
Fax: 301-918-1900
Web site: http://www.corrections.com/aca
Contact: Trudy Gregorie and Chiquita Sipos, Co-chairs


American Probation and Parole Association
c/o The Council of State Governments
P.O. Box 11910
Lexington, KY 40578-1910
Phone: 859-244-8203
Fax: 859-244-8001
Web site: http://www.appa-net.org
Contact: Tracy Godwin, Victim Services Specialist
E-mail: tgodwin@csg.org

California State University-Fresno, Center for Victim Studies
2225 East San Ramon Avenue
Fresno, CA 93740-0104
Phone: 559-278-4021
Fax: 559-278-7265
Contact: Steven D. Walker, Ph.D., Director
E-mail: stevend@csufresno.edu

Center for the Study of Crime Victims' Rights, Remedies, and Resources
University of New Haven
300 Orange Avenue
West Haven, CT 06516
Fax: 203-931-6030
Phone: 203-932-7041
Contact: Mario Thomas Gaboury, J.D., Ph.D., Director
E-mail: mgaboury@charger.newhaven.edu

Childhelp USA/Virginia
311 Park Avenue  
Falls Church, VA 22046     
Phone: 703-241-9100
Fax: 703-241-9105
Web site: http://www.childhelpva.org
Contact: Iris Beckwith, Director, Abuse Prevention Programs

National Headquarters:    
Childhelp USA 
15757 North 78th Street      
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
Phone: 480-922-8212
TDD: 800-2-A-CHILD
Hotline: 800-4-A-CHILD
Fax: 480-922-7061
Web site: http://www.childhelpusa.org
Contact: Chuck Bolte, Executive Director  

Concerns of Police Survivors   
P.O. Box 3199 - S. Highway 5   
Camdenton, MO 65020    
Phone: 573-346-4911
Fax: 573-346-1414
Web site: http://www.nationalcops.org
Contact: Suzanne F. Sawyer, Executive Director  
E-mail: cops@nationalcops.org

Family Violence Prevention Fund  
383 Rhode Island Street, Suite 304   
San Francisco, CA 94103-5133    
Phone: 415-252-8900/800-End-Abuse
Fax: 415-252-8991
Web site: http://www.fvpf.org
Contact: Michelle Kipper     
E-mail: fund@fvpf.org

Public policy office:
1522 K Street NW, Suite 550    
Washington, DC 20005    
Phone: 202-682-1212
Fax: 202-682-4662
Contact: Kiersten Stewart, Director of Public Policy  
E-mail: kiersten@fvpf.org
Donna Norton, Director of National Workplace 
Resource Center on Domestic Violence  
donna@fvpf.org

Mothers Against Drunk Driving
511 E. John Carpenter Freeway., Suite 700  
Irving, TX 75062-8187    
Phone: 800-438-MADD
Fax: 214-869-2206/2207
Web site: http://www.madd.org
Contact: Stephanie Frogge, National Director  
Victim Services

National Association of Crime Victim Compensation Boards
P.O. Box 16003
Alexandria, VA 22302
Phone/Fax: 703-370-2996
Contact: Dan Eddy, Executive Director

National Center on Elder Abuse  
1225 I Street NW, Suite 725    
Washington, DC 20005     
Phone: 202-898-2586
Fax: 202-898-2583
Web site: http://www.gwjapan.com/NCEA
Contact: Sara Aravanis, Director    
E-mail: ncea@nasua.org

National Center for Missing & Exploited Children
Charles B. Wang International Children's Building 
699 Prince Street
Alexandria, VA 22314-3175    
Phone: 703-274-3900/800-843-5678
TDD: 800-826-7653 (Hotline)
Fax: 703-274-2220
Web site: http://www.missingkids.com
Contact: Sherry Bailey

National Center for Victims of Crime
2111 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 300    
Arlington, VA 22201 Fax: 703-276-2889
Phone: 703-276-2880/800-FYI-CALL
Web site: http://www.ncvc.org
Contact: Susan Herman, Executive Director  

National Children's Alliance
1319 F Street NW, Suite 1001    
Washington, DC 20004    
Phone: 202-639-0597/800-239-9950
Fax: 202-639-0511
Web site: http://www.nncac.org

National Coalition Against Domestic Violence
P.O. Box 18749
Denver, CO 80218 
Phone: 303-839-1852
Fax: 303-831-9251
Web site: http://www.ncadv.org
Contact: Rita Smith, Executive Director  

For legislative information:
119 Constitution Avenue NE
Washington, DC 20002    
Phone: 202-544-7358
Fax: 202-544-7893
Contact: Juley Fulcher

National Crime Prevention Council  
1000 Connecticut Avenue NW, 13th Floor  
Washington, DC 20036     
Phone: 202-466-6272
Fax: 202-296-1356
Web site: http://www.ncpc.org

National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center
Medical University of South Carolina
165 Cannon Street
Charleston, SC 29425-0742    
Phone: 843-792-2945 
Fax: 843-792-3388
Web site: http://www.musc.edu/cvc/ 
Contact: Dean G. Kilpatrick, Ph.D., Director

National District Attorneys Association
99 Canal Center Plaza, Suite 510   
Alexandria, VA 22314-1588    
Phone: 703-549-9222
Fax: 703-836-3195
Web site: http://www.ndaa-apri.org
Contact: Newman Flanagan, Director   

National Organization for Victim Assistance
1757 Park Road NW
Washington, DC 20010
Phone: 202-232-6682/800-TRY-NOVA    
Fax: 202-462-2255
Web site: http://www.try-nova.org
Contact: Marlene A. Young, Ph.D., J.D., Executive Director

The National Resource Center on Domestic Violence
6400 Flank Drive, Suite 1300    
Harrisburg, PA 17112-2778     
Phone: 800-537-2238
Fax: 717-545-9456
TTY: 800-553-2508
Kathleen Krenek, Director    

National Sexual Violence Resource Center  
123 North Enola Drive
Enola, PA 17025 
Phone: 877-739-3895/717-909-0710
TTY: 717-909-0715
Fax: 717-909-0710
Web site: http://www.nsvrc.org
Contact: Karen Baker, Project Director  

Neighbors Who Care
P.O. Box 16079
Washington, DC 20041     
Phone: 703-904-7311
Fax: 703-478-0452
Web site: http://www.neighborswhocare.org
Contact: Lisa Barnes Lampman   

Parents of Murdered Children
100 East Eighth Street, Suite B-41   
Cincinnati, OH 45202 
Phone: 513-721-5683/888-818-POMC
Fax: 513-345-4489
Web site: http://www.pomc.com
Contact: Nancy Ruhe-Munch, Executive Director 

Police Executive Research Forum
1120 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 930  
Washington, DC 20036     
Phone: 202-466-7820
Fax: 202-466-7826  
Web site: http://www.PoliceForum.org
Contact: Cliff Karchmer    

The Spiritual Dimension in Victim Services
P.O. Box 821  
Charleston, SC 29402 
Phone: 843-722-0082
Fax: 843-723-8422
Contact: Scott Beard, Executive Director   
E-mail: SBeardPAR@aol.com

Stephanie Roper Committee and Foundation
14750 Main Street, 1B
Upper Marlboro, MD 20772     
Phone: 301-952-0063/877-VICTIM-1
Fax: 301-952-2319
Web site: www.stephanieroper.org
Roberta Roper, Director     
E-mail: srcf@digizen.net

Victims' Assistance Legal Organization (VALOR)
8181 Greensboro Drive, Suite 1070   
McLean, VA 22101-3823     
Phone: 703-748-0811
Fax: 703-356-5085
Web site: http://www.valor-national.org
Contact: Morna A. Murray, J.D., Executive Director 
E-mail: information@valor-national.org

2001 NCVRW Resource Guide Co-Sponsors, Page 1 

----------------------------

Resource Guide Evaluation

Please take a moment to let the Victims' Assistance Legal Organization
(VALOR) and Office for Victims of Crime know if the 2001 National Crime
Victims' Rights Week Resource Guide was useful to you and your organization.
Check the appropriate boxes in the following chart, and also let us know any
ideas you have that could be utilized in the 2002 Resource Guide.

RESOURCE GUIDE COMPONENT

Extremely Helpful/Somewhat Helpful/Not at All Helpful

Statistical Overviews

Accessing Information: OVC Resource Center and Other Services

Sample Proclamation

Sample Press Release

Sample Public Service Announcements

Sample Opinion/Editorial Column

Twenty Tips for Community Outreach

Small Poster

Buttons

Bookmarks

Logos

NCVRW Letterhead

Cover/Title Page

Sample Certificate of Appreciation

National Toll-free Information and Referral Telephone Numbers

Crime Victim Resources Brochure

Crime Victims' Rights in America: An Historical Overview

Victims' Rights Constitutional Amendments

Sample Speech

Notable Quotables

Sample Sermon

Broadcast PSA (sent separately)

Large Poster (sent separately)

Please share your comments and ideas for improving or expanding the National
Crime Victims' Rights Week Resource Guide and attach examples of your
community's activities for 2001 National Crime Victims' Rights Week.

Return this evaluation form to: 

Morna Murray, Executive Director, VALOR
8180 Greensboro Drive, Suite 1070 
McLean, VA 22102
FAX: 703-356-5085
E-mail: information@valor-national.org

Thank you for your assistance in evaluating the 2001 National Crime Victims'
Rights Week Resource Guide!