Some new clinicians not previously available to the prisons began to provide care via telemedicine. For example, HIV-positive inmates were previously cared for by prison staff physicians who did not have specialized training in infectious diseases. Because the standard of care in the community is to have specialists caring for HIV-positive patients, this pattern of care by general practitioners was not optimal. Through telemedicine, an infectious disease specialist became available and patients were able to receive the best care available "anywhere in the Bureau," in the opinion of at least one prison health services administrator.

In addition to the infectious disease specialist, dietary counseling was provided much more frequently than in the past. The three Pennsylvania prisons rarely made use of dieticians for counseling of hypertensive and diabetic patients. Because a dietician already on BOP’s staff was available via telemedicine at FMC-Lexington, the prisons made use of her skills and believed that their chronic care patients were getting better care as a result.