NIJ Awards in Fiscal Year 1995 . Series: NIJ Published:January 1996 33 pages 50,316 bytes November 1995 NIJ AWARDS IN FISCAL YEAR 1995 This Research in Brief presents the awards made by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) in Fiscal Year 1995 to support research, development, and evaluation under its Research Plan, as well as awards for training and dissemination in criminal justice. The list includes grants, interagency agreements and cooperative agreements, contracts, and fellowships. Awards made in FY 1995 to supplement projects begun earlier are also included. SPECIAL SOLICITATIONS UNDER THE 1994 CRIME ACT The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (Public Law 103-322) emphasizes criminal justice innovations. Four key themes of the legislation are policing, boot camps, violence against women, and drug courts. NIJ has issued special solicitations for research studies in these areas. The awards resulting under these four solicitations will be presented in a forthcoming Research in Brief. NIJ'S GOALS FOR FY 1995 Each project forms a part of NIJ's overall strategic plan for research, development, and evaluation. The plan elaborates six goals that reflect and respond to the Nation's criminal justice concerns. 1. Reduce violent crime. 2. Reduce drug- and alcohol-related crime. 3. Reduce the consequences of crime. 4. Improve the effectiveness of crime prevention programs. 5. Improve law enforcement and the criminal justice system. 6. Develop new technology for law enforcement and the criminal justice system. RESEARCH AND EVALUATION, 1996-1997 NIJ's plan for FY 1996-1997 will continue the long-term goals cited above with an emphasis on the areas outlined in the 1994 Crime Act. NIJ plans to support research and evaluation to inform the development of criminal justice innovations and to assess the effectiveness of specific initiatives. The areas to be addressed include coordination of law enforcement efforts, programs for at- risk youth, correctional alternatives, sentencing, crime prevention programs, specialized courts, incarceration issues related to special populations, and domestic terrorism. The 1995-1996 NIJ Research Plan is available from the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS), by calling 800-851-3420, or by writing to NCJRS, Box 6000, Rockville, MD 20849-6000. ORGANIZATION OF THE AWARDS LIST Within each category, awards are listed alphabetically. The name of the principal investigator is indicated. Although many awards fall within more than one goal area, for the purposes of constructing this list, they have been placed in only one. The information includes award number, project title, name of grantee or contractor, name of principal investigator, dollar amount for the award, and a brief description. The specific type of award is identified by the seventh character of the number. Grants have a "0" as the seventh character, contracts a "C," cooperative agreements a "K," and interagency agreements an "A." Awards beginning with a number other than 95 are supplements of awards made in previous years. GOAL 1: REDUCE VIOLENT CRIME 95-IJ-CX-0001 Assessment of Family Violence Interventions National Academy of Sciences Rosemary Chalk $150,000 A committee of experts will develop a synthesis of the relevant research and expert opinions regarding the strengths and limitations of existing program interventions in the area of family violence. 93-IJ-CX-0031 Childhood Victimization and Adult Violence: Using Multiple Measures to Better Estimate Offending University at Albany, State University of New York Research Foundation Cathy Spatz Widom $49,364 This award, which extends funding for research on childhood victimization and adult violence, will focus on the use of multiple measures to better estimate offending. 93-IJ-CX-0033 Children of Battered Women Education Development Center, Inc. Debra Whitcomb $126,912 This study will clarify our understanding of the needs of children of battered women. Data will be gathered on mothers who apply for temporary restraining orders over a 6-month period and follow a sample of cases that proceed to criminal prosecution through telephone contacts with the mothers. 95-IJ-CX-0102 The Effects of Court Dispositions on the Likelihood of Rearrest for Domestic Violence Arrestees in Cincinnati University of Cincinnati John Wooldredge $54,738 This project will assess the effectiveness of pretrial detention, conviction, or jail sentences for preventing and delaying further domestic violence for suspects arrested for misdemeanor domestic violence in Cincinnati, Ohio. 94-IJ-CX-0058 Evaluation of G.R.E.A.T. University of Nebraska--Omaha Finn-Aage Esbensen $264,990 This project supports the longitudinal evaluation of the Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T.) Program, a school- based gang prevention curriculum taught by law enforcement officers. 95-IJ-R025 Family Violence and the Courts: Exploring Expert Testimony on Battered Women The Women Judges' Fund for Justice Esther Ochsman $18,791 This award supplements a State Justice Institute grant, "Family Violence and the Courts: Exploring Expert Testimony on Battered Women," in order to support additional work required to prepare the Report on Battered Women's Syndrome as mandated by the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994. 95-IJ-CX-0017 Felons Who Attempt to Purchase Guns: A Study of Prior and Subsequent Criminal Activity Sam Houston State University Kenneth Adams $43,064 Research will be conducted to investigate the efficacy of criminal history background checks in screening applicants for gun purchases in Florida. 95-IJ-CX-0106 Handgun Intervention Program Evaluation The Urban Institute Jeffrey A. Roth $241,710 This study will evaluate the Handgun Intervention Program in the 36th District Court in Detroit, Michigan. 95-IJ-R037 Joint DHHS-NIJ Domestic Violence Studies The Urban Institute Martha R. Burt $50,000 This project will help support two studies to be conducted through the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, Department of Health and Human Services: "Domestic Violence Policy and Program Development" and "Child Welfare and Domestic Violence-- An Exploratory Study." 95-IJ-CX-0006 Panel on Research on Violence Against Women National Academy of Sciences Elaine Smialek $298,742 This 12-month project, jointly sponsored with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, will appoint a panel of experts from relevant disciplines and practitioner communities to examine empirical and clinical research reports and databases on violence against women, identify gaps in the knowledge base, and develop a research agenda on violence against women aimed at improving policy and practice. 95-IJ-CX-0114 Patterns and Trends in Youth-Perpetrated Homicides in the United States Research Triangle Institute Robert Flewelling $115,791 The project will examine patterns and trends in youth-perpetrated homicides since 1980 and explore social and demographic determinants of the recent increases in youth homicide. 93-IJ-CX-0023 Prevalence and Consequences of Child Victimization: The National Survey of Adolescents Medical University of South Carolina Benjamin Saunders $450,000 This project continues funding for a study of the prevalence, nature, and effects of child victimization and the relationship between child victimization and the development and continuation later in life of drug abuse and other emotional and behavioral problems. It will be conducted through a review and synthesis of the literature and a nationally representative telephone survey of adolescents and their parents. A series of reports will provide recommendations for policies, programs, and future research. 93-IJ-CX-0017 Private Ownership of Firearms in the United States: A National Study Police Foundation Earl Hamilton $43,000 Under this supplement to a national telephone survey of private firearms ownership and use, a representative sample of 2,600 households was interviewed about gun-related issues, including acquisition and disposal of guns, previous victimization and arrest histories, demographic characteristics, and other related factors. The data will be analyzed and findings reported under this project. 93-IJ-CX-K005 Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods President and Fellows of Harvard Felton J. Earls $2,053,937 This longitudinal study, which is being sponsored jointly with the MacArthur Foundation, is in the first year of data collection and will collect data over 8 years in order to study the development of delinquent and criminal behavior patterns of 11,000 subjects from birth to age 32 in 80 neighborhood areas in the metropolitan area of Chicago. 95-IJ-CX-0009 Public Access to Information Concerning the Whereabouts of Abuse Victims National Criminal Justice Association Gwen A. Holden $50,000 Under a mandate of the 1994 Crime Act, a group of experts will study and report on the means by which abusive spouses obtain information concerning the addresses or locations of estranged or former spouses and provide recommendations on potentially effective and enforceable regulation of access to domestic violence victims' address information. 95-IJ-CX-0019 Reducing Firearms Crime and Injuries: Interdicting Guns and Bullets Indianapolis, Office of the Mayor Lawrence Sherman $250,000 This project will test several strategies to encourage gun safety and to reduce gun carrying and gun violence. 95-IJ-CX-0094 Supplemental Survey of Gun Owners President and Fellows of Harvard David Kennedy $48,928 This project will conduct a national random-digit-dial survey of 3,200 gun owners to supplement findings on self-defense produced in surveys by the Harvard Injury Control Center and NIJ. 95-IJ-CX-0027 Understanding, Preventing, and Controlling Domestic Violence University of Massachusetts, Lowell Research Foundation Eve Buzawa $151,593 Indepth interviews with batterers and victims and official records will be used to examine the effect of judicial intervention on batterers sentenced in the Quincy, Massachusetts, District Court. 95-IJ-R019 When Domestic Violence and Custody Disputes Coincide National Center for State Courts Susan Keilitz $70,556 This project, funded by NIJ and the State Justice Institute, supports an examination of effective court responses to domestic violence cases involving custody disputes and will be conducted by the National Center for State Courts. GOAL 2: REDUCE DRUG- AND ALCOHOL-RELATED CRIME 94-IJ-R051 Drug Court Intervention Project of the D.C. Superior Court D.C. Pretrial Services Agency John A. Carver $990,000 This award supports the implementation and evaluation of a drug court in the District of Columbia, with funds from the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment and the Department of Health and Human Services. 93-IJ-CX-0041 Evaluation of Two Models for Treating Sentenced Federal Drug Offenders National Council on Crime and Delinquency James Austin $11,402 This project supports a process and experimental design impact evaluation of two drug treatment models for Federal offenders under community supervision. 95-IJ-CX-0028 Monitoring the Decline in the Crack Epidemic With Data From the DUF Program John Jay College of Criminal Justice Research Foundation of CUNY Andrew Golub $46,905 This project will analyze trends in the use of crack-cocaine based on data from the DUF program. 95-IJ-CX-0095 A Study to Assess the Feasibility of Conducting a Demonstration of In-Prison Therapeutic Communities and Shock Incarceration Abt Associates, Inc. Dale Parent $150,000 This feasibility study will identify the most effective correctional responses for dealing with drug-involved offenders, with a focus on the utility of boot camps and therapeutic communities for reducing drug use and drug dependence among offenders. THE DUF PROGRAM The Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) Program sites perform drug tests of persons arrested and brought to booking facilities. The test findings indicate levels of drug use, determine what drugs are used in specific jurisdictions, and track changes in drug use patterns. 94-IJ-R005 Drug Use Forecasting (DUF)--Atlanta Atlanta Office of Corrections Tom Peacock $37,190 95-IJ-R005 Drug Use Forecasting (DUF)--Birmingham Birmingham, TASC Foster Cook $66,840 95-IJ-R020 Drug Use Forecasting (DUF)--Chicago TASC of Illinois, Inc. Melody Heaps $58,032 95-IJ-R010 Drug Use Forecasting (DUF)--Denver Colorado Division of Criminal Justice Kim English $81,269 94-IJ-R020 Drug Use Forecasting (DUF)--Detroit Michigan State University Tim Bynum $66,135 95-IJ-R008 Drug Use Forecasting (DUF)--Houston Houston-Galveston Area Council Brett Arkinson $61,824 95-IJ-R013 Drug Use Forecasting (DUF)--Indianapolis Marion County Justice Agency Cindy Mowry $42,924 94-IJ-R043 Drug Use Forecasting (DUF)--Los Angeles Los Angeles County, Inc., Public Health Foundation Karen Garcia $114,430 94-IJ-R013 Drug Use Forecasting (DUF)--Manhattan New York City Department of Mental Health, Retardation, and Alcoholism Services Patricia Thomas $79,768 95-IJ-R023 Drug Use Forecasting (DUF)--Miami Metro Dade County Dan Taylor $39,699 94-IJ-R014 Drug Use Forecasting (DUF)--New Orleans Orleans Parish Criminal Sheriffs Office William C. Hunter $32,820 93-IJ-R023 Drug Use Forecasting (DUF)--Omaha Office of Public Safety, Police Division Frederick Power $28,466 95-IJ-R011 Drug Use Forecasting (DUF)--Phoenix TASC of Maricopa County, Arizona Barbara Zugor $45,585 94-IJ-R019 Drug Use Forecasting (DUF)--Portland TASC of Oregon, Inc. Linda Tyon $59,484 95-IJ-R009 Drug Use Forecasting (DUF)--San Antonio San Antonio Metropolitan Health District Sergio Soto $70,104 95-IJ-R012 Drug Use Forecasting (DUF)--San Diego San Diego Association of Government Susan Pennell $69,292 89-MU-R025 Drug Use Forecasting (DUF)--San Diego San Diego Association of Government Susan Pennell $5,192 94-IJ-R027 Drug Use Forecasting (DUF)--San Jose Santa Clara County Bureau of Drug Abuse Services Robert Garner $75,313 94-IJ-R045 Drug Use Forecasting (DUF)--St. Louis St. Louis, Missouri, Metropolitan Police Department Larry Pattison and Scott Decker $68,478 89-IJ-R027 Drug Use Forecasting (DUF)--St. Louis St. Louis, Missouri, Metropolitan Police Department Scott Decker $22,594 95-IJ-R024 Drug Use Forecasting (DUF)--Washington, DC District of Columbia Pretrial Services Agency Kathryn Boyer $35,708 95-IJ-R014 Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) Program--Gun Addendum St. Louis, Missouri, Metropolitan Police Department Scott Decker $25,978 This project will support the gathering of information about arrestees' use of guns. 93-IJ-R002 Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) Program--Statistical Analysis Aspen Systems Corporation Georgette Semick $599,101 Assistance will be provided in the following areas: (1) data editing, data entry, and preparation of DUF interviews and DUF urine specimen data and maintenance of DUF data files; (2) data analyses and preparation of quarterly and annual reports and monographs; and (3) periodic training of project personnel at the local DUF sites and technical assistance to other localities. 94-IJ-R009 Laboratory Analysis of Urine Specimens Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) Program National Center for Forensic Science Lionel Menard $281,473 Urine specimens collected from adult and juvenile sampled arrestees will be screened for 10 drugs and the specimens testing positive for amphetamines will be confirmed using gas chromatography. GOAL 3: REDUCE THE CONSEQUENCES OF CRIME 95-MU-MU-0026 Intervention for Elementary School Children Exposed to Community Violence Howard University Hope Hill $170,658 This project, cofunded with the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, will support an initial evaluation of a culturally appropriate, multi-level, after-school intervention with 240 African-American children that is intended to reduce the children's likelihood of experiencing negative psychological effects and engaging in violent behavior. 93-IJ-CX-0022 Longitudinal Effects of Crime and Signs of Disorder Temple University Ralph Taylor $27,051 This project supplements a longitudinal study of the effects of crime and signs of disorder on communities; specifically, community and business leaders will be interviewed about how their neighborhoods have changed in the past 20 years and the possible role of crime and disorder in the process. 95-IJ-CX-0025 Population-Based Monitoring of Firearm Violence Emory University Arthur L. Kellermann $148,848 A data surveillance system will be created that integrates information on nonfatal gunshot injuries from police reports and health care providers and emergency rooms in the Atlanta area for use by police investigators. 95-IJ-R032 Reducing Injuries to Women in Domestic Assaults Rutgers University Jeffrey Fagan $25,000 This supplement to a grant awarded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention will support additional analysis of data on injuries to women who are victims of domestic assault. 95-IJ-CX-0116 The Reporting and Non-Reporting of Racially Motivated Hate Crimes in Robeson County, North Carolina: A Case Study North Carolina Central University Alice J. Mayer $19,126 This project will explore the factors that influence the reporting and non-reporting of racially motivated hate crimes within Robeson County, North Carolina. 95-IJ-CX-0022 Victims of Non-Fatal Gunshot Wounds Howard University Vernetta D. Young $25,048 This study will provide specific information on the demographic characteristics of the victims of nonfatal gunshot wounds and the nature of circumstances surrounding these incidents and assess alternative solutions and preventive measures to reduce nonfatal gunshot injuries. GOAL 4: IMPROVE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CRIME PREVENTION PROGRAMS 95-IJ-CX-0011 An Evaluation of the Chicago Housing Authority's Anti-Drug Initiative Abt Associates, Inc. Susan Popkin $297,122 This project will examine the overall impact of the Chicago Housing Authority's anti-drug initiative on crime rates and residents' perceptions of safety, their lives, and their willingness to participate in organized anti-crime efforts. 95-IJ-CX-0024 Analysis of the Juvenile Curfew in New Orleans University of New Orleans Ralph E. Thayer $135,594 Using mapping techniques, this study will determine the impact of the New Orleans curfew on both delinquency and violent crimes committed by juveniles against juveniles. 94-IJ-CX-0048 Collection of Baseline Impact Data for the Weed and Seed Program Institute for Social Analysis Janice Roehl $108,880 The Institute for Social Analysis, with the assistance of the Police Foundation and locally recruited interviewers, will continue collecting baseline data for a national impact evaluation of eight Weed and Seed sites. 95-IJ-CX-0030 Controlling Fraud in Small Business Health Benefits Programs St. John's University Robert H. Tillman $35,504 This project will endeavor to develop estimates of the magnitude of fraudulent health-care provider schemes, the effectiveness of the law enforcement response, the legislative and regulatory gaps that facilitate these kinds of fraud, and other factors. 95-IJ-CX-0038 The Effects of Juvenile Curfews on Violent Crime Sam Houston State University Kenneth Adams $49,559 This project will investigate whether curfews reduce violent and non-violent crime and increase school attendance. 94-IJ-CX-0065 Evaluation of the Bureau of Justice Assistance's Comprehensive Communities Program Botec Analysis Corporation Ann Marie Rocheleau $182,762 This supplement will enlarge a process evaluation of the Comprehensive Communities Program to include an additional six sites, at a reduced level of study, and increase the intensity of study of six sites currently being evaluated. 95-DD-BX-0134 Impact Evaluation of the Weed and Seed Program Abt Associates, Inc. Joan Mullen $405,000 This 24-month study will evaluate eight Weed and Seed sites (using eight comparison sites) and the National Performance Review Laboratory as it is applied to Weed and Seed. 95-IJ-CX-0036 Systemic Neighborhood Organization and Control Oklahoma Division of Criminal Justice Services Robert J. Bursik $47,523 This research will examine how the success of urban neighborhood organizations in confronting crime and delinquency is affected by the larger urban context in which these neighborhoods are located. 95-IJ-CX-0037 Vermont Incident-Based Crime Analysis and Mapping: Developing Research Capabilities for Problem-Oriented Policing Vermont Center for Justice Research William Clements $48,781 This project will analyze data on offender and offense relationships, using new technologies in geographic information systems to analyze data spatially and visually. GOAL 5: IMPROVE LAW ENFORCEMENT AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM Corrections 94-IJ-CX-0014 Classification for Recidivism Risk: A Hazard Model Approach Richard L. Linster, NIJ Research Fellow $102,800 This project will develop and implement a management information system-based classification system for adult Florida probationers; replicate work conducted in Florida on a population of juvenile probationers in San Diego; and analyze the failure on parole of two cohorts of releases from the California Youth Authority. 95-IJ-CX-0108 Evaluating the Impact of Alternative Placement: Long Term Follow- up of Adjudicated Delinquents University of Illinois--Chicago Michael Fendrich $50,000 The study will explore the relative impacts of alternative placements on the criminal recidivism of adjudicated delinquents. 94-IJ-CX-K005 HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis in Correctional Facilities Abt Associates, Inc. Ted Hammett $8,677 This project, sponsored by NIJ and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, will provide an update on the impact of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis in correctional facilities, including juvenile facilities. 94-IJ-CX-0010 The Impact of the Evaluation of the Opportunity to Succeed (OPTS) Program The Urban Institute Shellie Rossman $260,971 This project continues a 4-year evaluation that includes a process evaluation, an impact evaluation, and a cost-benefit analysis of the program, which provides an array of services to probationers and parolees leaving prisons and jails and returning to their community. 92-IJ-CX-K019 Iowa State Evaluation Capacity Building Iowa Department of Human Rights Richard G. Moore $25,000 This award continues and expands a project to construct a risk assessment scale for juveniles and to develop outcome measures for juvenile justice treatment programs in the State of Iowa. 95-DD-BX-K009 National Evaluation of Correctional Options Programs National Council on Crime and Delinquency James Austin $300,000 This project will expand the scope of a national process evaluation of correctional options demonstration sites funded in 1992 and 1993 to include a detailed evaluation of five additional sites and allow researchers to disseminate information on the national evaluation requirement for corrections options at two planning conferences. 95-IJ-CX-0098 Profiling the Needs of California Female Youth Authority Population California State University--Fresno Barbara Owen $46,410 This applied research project will develop a protocol to assess the needs of the female youth population nationwide. 95-IJ-CX-0032 Test, Modify and Retest: An Agenda for Evaluating Intensive Supervision and Probation (ISP) Council of State Governments, American Probation and Parole Association Timothy H. Matthews $249,133 This project seeks to evaluate a prototypical ISP model to promote behavioral change in offenders by focusing on the provision of intense services rather than exclusive surveillance and incapacitive measures. 95-IJ-CX-0099 Estimating the Costs and Benefits of Mandatory Sentencing Laws Rand Corporation Peter Greenwood $174,043 This project will help public officials and the general public better understand the potential costs and benefits of "three strikes" and other such mandatory sentencing laws and help administrators in planning for the implementation of such laws through the development of a computer simulation model to estimate how aggregate crime and criminal justice processing rates will be affected by various versions of these laws. 95-IJ-CX-0026 Three Strikes and You're Out: A Comparative Study of Two States' New Legislation National Council on Crime and Delinquency James F. Austin $175,000 This research project will analyze how Three Strikes and You're Out laws in California and other States are being implemented by the courts and the consequences for changing the criminal justice system charging practices, pretrial detention, court delay, court disposition, and prison population growth. 95-IJ-CX-0016 Toward Common Sense in Sentencing Thomas J. Quinn, NIJ Visiting Fellow $154,500 This project will examine the emerging interest in restorative justice from the perspective of State and local criminal justice officials and policymakers. POLICING 95-IJ-CX-0104 An Analysis of Police Use of Force University of South Carolina Geoffrey Alpert $99,849 This project will reanalyze and compare the data sets on police use of force from the Metro-Dade, Florida, and Eugene and Springfield, Oregon, police departments. The data will be analyzed to determine the relationships among the amount of resistance met by police and the amount of force used to control suspects. 95-IJ-CX-0015 Citizen Feedback on Individual Officer Performance Lincoln Police Department Terrence K. Sherrill $20,440 The police department's Quality Service Audit will be evaluated using an ongoing systematic survey of citizens involved in contacts with the police and feedback on citizen satisfaction will be provided monthly to the individual officers involved in the contacts. 93-IJ-CX-K011 Community Policing in Lansing, Michigan Michigan State University David Carter $34,977 This project will continue to research and analyze community policing and related activities, such as community policing training and programmatic problemsolving initiatives. 95-IJ-CX-0039 Controlling Crime and Disorder Hotspots Using Civil Remedies University of Cincinnati Lorraine A. Green $199,345 This 18-month study will assess the Oakland, California, Police Department's Beat Health Unit Initiative that uses civil remedies for drug and crime abatement, neighborhood improvement, and cooling down of hotspots in order to inform policymakers of the types of communities most likely to provide successful environments for such initiatives. 95-IJ-CX-0020 Federal Funding of Police Overtime: A Utilization Study University at Albany, State University of New York David H. Bayley $124,961 This project will examine the use of Federal funds by municipal police departments and multi-jurisdictional drug task forces for police overtime to determine whether and how such funds can be used more effectively to support strategic innovation, especially in the direction of community policing. 95-IJ-CX-0113 Identification of Work and Family Services for Law Enforcement Personnel Police Research Education Project Elizabeth McGee $103,023 This project will identify, from the officer's perspective, current work and family stress factors and available programs to assist officers as well as survey a national sample of law enforcement agencies to determine the existence and success of programs offered to address work and family problems in law enforcement. 95-IJ-CX-0013 Impact of Police Order Maintenance on Fear, Crime, and Urban Decay Northeastern University George Kelling $58,079 This project will examine the impact of police order maintenance activities on fear, crime, and urban decay and police organizational changes involved in departments' implementation of community policing and organize a workshop on innovative law enforcement practices related to order maintenance. 95-IJ-CX-0023 Investigating the Scope of Measurement Error in Calls-for-Service as a Measure of Crime University of Houston David A. Klinger $25,000 This project will compare initial police dispatch and observers' descriptions of calls for police service to yield a variety of error counts. Calls will be grouped by neighborhood and police department to examine whether (and how) errors bias neighborhood and departmental calls-for-service crime counts as well as whether errors in aerial data are correlated with other neighborhood features. 95-IJ-CX-0089 Law Enforcement Family Support Survey and Focus Groups Center for Criminal Justice Studies Elizabeth Langston $78,956 This study will provide information on the extent and nature of police stress as identified by focus groups of police officers and spouses. Variables to be assessed through surveys with police officers are police divorces, the effects of shift work on family life, the social network of police officers and police families, the use of employee assistance programs, and/or social patterns. 95-IJ-CX-0117 A Partnership to Evaluate the Lincoln Police Department's Quality Service Audit University of Nebraska--Omaha Julie Horney $20,692 Under this project, a criminal justice Ph.D. student will work with the Lincoln Police Department in designing and implementing an evaluation of the department's Quality Service Audit, an ongoing systematic survey of citizens involved in contacts with the police. 95-IJ-CX-0109 Police Officer Experience in Interpersonal Policing: The Crisis Negotiation Example University of Michigan Jane Sachs $34,411 This project will examine police crisis negotiations in an effort to gain a more complete understanding of effects of interpersonal policing methods. 95-IJ-CX-0021 Problem Oriented Policing Case Studies Ronald V. Clarke, NIJ Visiting Fellow $43,014 A small number of promising problem-oriented policing interventions will be identified and evaluated. 95-IJ-CX-0110 The Role of Local Law Enforcement in Controlling Illegal Immigration and Other Transnational Crimes Georgetown University William McDonald, NIJ Visiting Fellow $113,716 This project will study State and local law enforcement efforts against "transnational crime," including illegal immigration, street crime committed by illegal immigrants, organized crime initiated outside U.S. borders, and immigrant involvement in the drug trade. 95-IJ-CX-0107 State and Local Participatory Evaluation of the Safe Neighborhoods Program Conneticut Statistical Analysis Center Dolly Reed $50,000 This project supports the evaluation of the Connecticut Safe Neighborhoods Program, which provides funds to establish and administer police substations in high crime areas. 95-IJ-CX-0066 Use of Force by and Against Police Joint Centers for Justice Studies Joel Garner $351,573 This project builds upon prior NIJ-funded research on police use of force in Phoenix, Arizona, by surveying arresting officers in four cities regarding the nature of force used and the nature and circumstances of the arrest. In addition, a subsample of arrested suspects will be interviewed to measure the consistency of officer and suspect assessments of the amount of force used. PROSECUTION/ADJUDICATION 95-IJ-CX-0034 Development of a Program Plan for Improving Alien Adjudication and Pretrial Release Vera Institute of Justice, Inc. Christopher E. Stone $125,795 The purpose of this project is to design, implement, and assess a demonstration program that will increase the effectiveness and efficiency of adjudication and pretrial release procedures for aliens. 95-IJ-CX-0105 Domestic Violence Cases: What Happens When Courts Are Faced with Uncooperative Victims? American Bar Association Barbara Smith $45,557 This project will study the effects of changes in policy to accept more domestic violence cases and examine what happens when cases are prosecuted with uncooperative or hostile victims. 95-IJ-CX-0096 Prosecution in the Community: A Study of Emergent Strategies President and Fellows of Harvard Mark Moore $335,439 This study will document and develop profiles of prosecutorial strategies in State prosecutors' offices in five cities; develop hypotheses to explain how and what, if any, changes are occurring in prosecutorial strategies; assess what community prosecution model is being implemented and whether it was implemented independently by prosecutors or in response to community policing efforts; explore the congruence between operational strategies of police and prosecutors; and determine indicators to measure community prosecution's effectiveness in dealing with specific problems. 95-IJ-CX-0004 Prosecutorial Response to Bias-Motivated Crimes American Prosecutors Research Institute Don Rebovich $49,947 This 12-month study will gather information on the prosecution of bias-motivated offenses through a mail survey administered to approximately 800 District Attorney's offices nationwide. 95-IJ-CX-0112 Rethinking Organizational Strategies and Criminal Justice Performance Measures: The Case of Community Prosecution Barbara Boland, NIJ Visiting Fellow $294,530 This project will develop performance measures for the Portland, Oregon, model of community prosecution; assess the applicability of this performance measure's methodology to Manhattan, New York's community prosecution model; and continue to document the characterisitics of community prosecution strategies nationwide. SYSTEMWIDE ISSUES 95-IJ-CX-0010 Assessing the Feasibility of Creating Centralized State Databases on the Incidence of Sexual and Domestic Violence Justice Research and Statistics Association Joan C. Weiss $62,268 A group of experts will study and report on how to create centralized State databases on the incidence of sexual and domestic violence. 95-IJ-CX-0029 The Self-Evaluating Justice Organization: Building Local Evaluation Capacity Michael G. Maxfield, NIJ Visiting Fellow $70,279 This project will examine the role of evaluation as a problemsolving management tool in criminal justice agencies and produce a series of publications focusing on the role of evaluation and how it can be carried out at the local level with limited resources and expertise. 95-IJ-CX-0003 Study of Alternative Structures for the U.S. Trustee Program National Academy of Public Administrators Jennifer Hughes $245,565 A thorough and detailed review of the U.S. Trustee Program will be performed to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the current program structure and evaluate the feasibility of improving the program by implementing an alternative administrative and management structure that relies on greater private-sector involvement. GOAL 6: DEVELOP NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 95-IJ-CX-A040 Concealed Weapon Technology Support and Establishment of National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center/Northeast Region U.S. Department of the Air Force--Rome Laboratory John A. Ritz $200,000 The purpose of this project is to provide NIJ with technical expertise for the oversight of the NIJ-funded concealed weapon technologies and to establish the National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center/Northeast Region. 95-IJ-CX-A027 Detection and Classification of Concealed Weapons Using Magnetic Gradient Measurement Techniques U.S. Department of Energy, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Jonathan Nadler $235,000 This project will develop a method of detecting and classifying concealed weapons using magnetic gradient measurement techniques, which will provide quantitative estimates of weapons size, location, and other characteristics. 95-IJ-CX-K007 Detection of Concealed Weapons and Other Contraband Using Passive Millimeter Wave Imaging Millitech Corporation Stephen A. Bohrer $1,430,000 This project will produce a series of proof-of-principal and prototype passive millimeter wave camera systems for the remote detection of concealed weapons and contraband hidden under people's clothing. 95-IJ-CX-0014 Develop a Rapid, Immobilized Probe Assay for Detection of mtDNA Sequence Variation Roche Molecular System, Inc. Rebecca L. Reynolds $94,458 A simple and rapid method for typing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variation will be developed using polymerase chain reaction amplification. 95-IJ-CX-0018 Development of a Dynamic Mugbook Using Multimedia Computers Southeastern Louisiana University Hunter A. McAllister $34,596 A dynamic mugbook procedure will be developed and tested that uses multimedia computer technology to allow eyewitnesses to consider an individual mug shot in the context of other cues about the person pictured such as his or her voice or gait. 95-IJ-CX-0002 DNA Training and Technical Assistance American Prosecutors Research Institute Cabell C. Cropper $200,000 A DNA Legal Assistance Unit will be established to assist prosecutors involved in DNA cases and provide training and technical assistance regarding both legal and scientific issues surrounding the use of DNA analysis. 95-IJ-CX-0007 Estimation of Population Structure Parameters North Carolina State University Bruce S. Weir $25,000 The purpose of this project is to estimate the standardized variance of alleles frequencies over a group of subpopulations, a sample of the FBI's worldwide compendium of DNA typing data, and a geographic sampling of Roche parentage lab data from North Carolina counties in order to estimate parameters that describe the extent of population substructuring and to show how substructuring will affect estimates of DNA profile frequencies. 95-IJ-CX-0031 Infrastructure and Governance Planning for the National Law Enforcement Center Network Pymatuning Group, Inc. Ruth M. Davis $61,703 This project will support the development of infrastructure and governance planning for the National Law Enforcement Center Network. 95-IJ-CX-K010 Installation and Evaluation of an Intercity Automatic Vehicle Location System Rockwell International Corporation John T. Neustadter $150,000 An intercity (multi-jurisdictional) automatic vehicle location system will be installed in four police departments in the South Bay region of Los Angeles County, California, using selected vehicles from each department and will be evaluated to determine the system's effectiveness. 95-IJ-CX-0008 Isolation and Characterization of Population-Specific Alleles University of Pittsburgh Mark D. Shriver $99,677 A database will be developed for estimating the ethnic affiliation of unknown suspects by typing a random sample of Caucasian, African-American, and Hispanic residents from Pennsylvania for the identified markers. 95-IJ-CX-K001 Law Enforcement, Technology Transfer, and Policing Assessment SEASKATE, Inc. E. A. Burkhalter, Jr. $251,851 A panel of experts will identify law enforcement technologies that are most promising in the short and long term that should be the focus of development or adaptation. 95-IJ-CX-K006 Law Enforcement, Technology Transfer, and Policing Liability Assessment SEASKATE, Inc. E. A. Burkhalter, Jr. $187,134 This project will focus on assessing the legal liability that might arise from the deployment of certain technologies by law enforcement and corrections being considered for research and development by NIJ's less-than-lethal program. 95-IJ-CX-K003 Less-Than-Lethal Technology Assessment and Transfer Booz, Allen and Hamilton, Inc. Donald Vincent $244,629 The project will design, establish, and implement a process for assisting in the transfer of less-than-lethal technologies into policing and correctional operations. 95-IJ-CX-0012 Linguistic Methods for Determining Document Authorship Carole Elizabeth Chaski, NIJ Visiting Fellow $67,505 This project will develop, demonstrate, and test a technique that uses the language of a document to provide evidence of the author's identity. 92-IJ-CX-K040 Mitochondrial DNA Variation in North American Populations of Four Ethnic Groups Pennsylvania State University Mark Stoneking $159,159 This project continues a study to type mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in five geographical subpopulations of four groups (Caucasians, African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians) in order to determine the extent and forensic significance of mtDNA subpopulation heterogeneity, ascertain whether any significant association exists between mtDNA types and genotypes at other loci used forensically, and increase the size of the mtDNA database. 95-IJ-CX-K011 Net Deployment Module for a Snare Net Projectile Foster-Miller, Inc. Arnis Mangolds $199,274 A nonlethal net deployment module will be developed to enhance the safety and practicality of an existing projectile-delivered antipersonnel snare net system. The net is designed to entangle and incapacitate fleeing offenders or in a stand-off situation those armed with a hand-held weapon (not a gun). 95-IJ-CX-A017 NIJ Office of Law Enforcement Technical Commercialization at the National Technology Transfer Center National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jonathan Root $1,500,000 This project will develop and operate an NIJ Office of Law Enforcement Technology Commercialization at the National Technology Transfer Center, which will provide effective resources for technology transfer and commercialization. 95-IJ-CX-K004 Operation Rocky Mountain Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center University of Denver--Colorado Seminary Deborah Bradford $249,696 The Rocky Mountain Regional Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center will be established to assist in the transfer of command, control, and communication technologies, developed by the U.S. Department of Defense, that meet the needs and requirements of the criminal justice system. 95-IJ-CX-A039 Provide Support to the Border Research and Technology Center U.S. Attorney, Southern District of California Alan D. Bersin $25,000 This project will identify short-term technology needs and requirements, and provide a report on the technology requirements needed to enhance U.S. agencies' border activities. 95-IJ-CX-K009 Support for the NIJ Surplus Property Program Ultimate Enterprise Limited Michael C. Simpson $74,978 This project will assist the National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center to develop a plan and procedures for identifying and transferring select U.S. Department of Defense surplus property to State and local law enforcement agencies. 95-IJ-CX-K005 Support to the Border Research and Technology Center The Aerospace Corporation Robert Pentz $249,997 A Border Research and Technology Center will be established with support from the Western Regional Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center. The center will provide forensic analysis support using advanced techniques in image enhancement and surveillance and other technical information and products to law enforcement agencies and transfer the information to NIJ's National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center for national database purposes. 95-IJ-CX-A016 Technical Requirements for Implementation of TIN and Technical Support U.S. Department of the Navy Joseph Knoefel $1,150,000 This project will provide resources, advice, and recommendations on the technical requirements for implementation required in the first phase of construction of the hub TIN in the Regional Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center. 94-IJ-CX-A004 Technology Assessment Program U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Office of Law Enforcement Standards Kathleen M. Higgins $800,000 This project will continue NIJ Technology Assessment Program efforts, such as the development of DNA polymerase chain reaction standards, armor-piercing ammunition testing, trauma plate testing, less-than-lethal technologies technical support, integrated systems digital network standards, ballistic studies in support of the body armor program, and update the law enforcement standards for concealable body armor used by the military in situations other than war. 95-IJ-CX-K002 Technology Assessment Program Information Center Aspen Systems Corporation David Shinton $947,334 The purpose of this project is to maintain the National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center, which serves as the main clearinghouse for information dissemination and provides product information databases and functions. 95-IJ-CX-K008 Test and Evaluation of a Hand Gun Detection System Based on Low- Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation Raytheon Company Charles Ciany $273,370 A concealed weapons detection system based on low-frequency electromagnetic radiation will be developed. 95-IJ-CX-A030 Test and Evaluation of a Rear Seat Air Bag Restraint System U.S. Department of the Navy Tom Milhous $25,200 This project will test and evaluate a rear seat air bag restraint system, designed to control violent subjects being transported in the rear seat of a patrol vehicle. DEVELOPMENT, DISSEMINATION, AND RESEARCH SUPPORT 92-IJ-CX-K044 Annual Review of Justice Research Castine Research Corporation Michael H. Tonry $155,899 A new volume will be developed for the publication series Crime and Justice: Annual Review of Justice Research, focusing on the most significant and policy-relevant information from criminal justice research and evaluation for use by criminal justice policymakers, professionals, and researchers. 95-IJ-CX-0035 Crime and Justice Volume on Youth Violence Castine Research Corporation Michael H. Tonry $173,303 This project will develop a new volume for the publication series Crime and Justice: Annual Review of Justice Research focusing on youth violence. 95-IJ-CX-A033 Criminal Justice Research Training Program University of Maryland--College Park Charles Wellford $19,656 This program expands the current NIJ fellows and graduate student fellows program, which provides graduate students the opportunity to gain experience in criminal justice research and research administration. 95-IJ-CX-C005 Data Resource Program of the National Institute of Justice University of Michigan Chris Dunn $307,552 This project will provide the necessary personnel, facilities, equipment, materials, and services in support of the Institute's Data Resources Program. 95-IJ-CX-0033 Developing an Internet Model for Cross-National Information Sharing and Dissemination Sergey S. Chapkey, NIJ Visiting Fellow $52,298 This project will further develop the Institute's cross-national information sharing and dissemination capabilities. 94-IJ-CX-C005 Development and Production of Annual Reports and Other Materials Cygnus Corporation Anne Pritchett $119,269 Support will be provided to NIJ for the development of annual reports and other materials that report on NIJ grant and contract activities that demonstrate new research findings, evaluation results, and/or program activities that may benefit State and local criminal justice systems and which meet NIJ's statutory reporting obligations. OJP-94-C-006 National Criminal Justice Reference Service Aspen Systems Corporation Richard S. Rosenthal $3,315,307 This clearinghouse serves as a central repository for criminal justice research literature, provides an infrastructure to support both shared and individual program needs of all Office of Justice Programs' components, and provides management and other support for the Violence Against Women Conference. 95-IJ-CX-A047 Partnership Against Violence Network Gopher Server U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Library John D. Kane $29,957 The primary objective of this project is to establish an Internet- based information management platform upon which Federal agencies can provide access to information about programs, reports, technical assistance, and other materials related to issues of violence and youth at risk. 94-MU-CX-C008 Professional Conference Series Institute for Law and Justice, Inc. Edward F. Connors $1,130,000 Conferences, workshops, planning and development meetings, and field program support will be provided focusing on criminal justice activities. 94-MU-CX-C007 Research Applications Contract Abt Associates, Inc. Joan Mullen $750,000 Under this project, critical research findings and important advances in practice are disseminated to the appropriate policy and professional audience(s) to improve crime-control policies and practices. 91-MU-CX-C008 Technical Assistance and Support KOBA Associates, Inc. Sampson Annan $1,586,478 Support and assistance will be provided to NIJ in criminological and criminal justice research and development, dissemination, evaluation, and training activities. U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice Washington, DC 20531