Among factors affecting crime prevention in Canada are the size and proximity of the United States, the value placed on social order, the relative safety of the society, and its relative affluence. However, Canadian academics have not yet produced any particularly Canadian criminological theory. Thus, the theoretical underpinnings of crime and crime prevention in Canada are similar to those in other Western democracies. The police role has gradually shifted, starting in the 1970's, to a form directed to more efficient law enforcement, better police relationships with the community, and improved crime prevention. The police initially found it hard to accept the practice of community policing. However, evidence of successes in other programs have led to the wide acceptance of the legitimacy of the concept. In addition, the Federal leadership role has been extremely effective. In recent years the Canadian approach to crime prevention has experienced a further shift. It is now focusing on social development, with the development of programs designed to support families, schools, adolescents, and disadvantaged groups. 9 references.