A COMPARITIVE ASSESSMENT ENTITLED 'WHAT WORKS?' CONCLUDES THAT THE OPTIMISM OF THE PAST HAS BEEN UNFOUNDED AND THAT THE ABILITY OF PENAL INSTITUTIONS AND EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS TO REFORM HAS BEEN OVERRATED. ANOTHER SURVEY OF 18 REHABILITATION AND DIVERSION SERVICES CONCLUDES THAT A GREAT DEAL OF GOOD HAS BEEN DONE, BUT THAT THESE EFFORTS SHOULD NOT BE VIEWED UNDER THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM BECAUSE THOSE MOST LIKELY TO BE HELPED WERE NONCRIMINAL TYPES. OTHER PAPERS STUDY: THE PREDICTION AND CONTROL OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR, INCLUDING THE ETHICAL AND LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS OF PSYCHOSURGERY AND BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION EFFORTS, AN ECONOMIC APPROACH TO CRIME AND PUNISHMENT; AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PRISONS IN INCAPACITATION OF CRIMINALS. THE PRISON COMMUNITY ITSELF IS EVALUATED. PAPERS COVER THE INMATE SOCIAL SYSTEM, SOCIALIZATION IN CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS, THE PAINS OF IMPRISONMENT, SEXUAL ASSAULTS, THE SEXUAL TENSIONS OF WOMEN'S PRISONS, EMERGING NEW PRISON STRUCTURES, THE PRISONERS' BILL OF RIGHTS FROM THE AMERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE COMMITTEE, THE PRISON MANIFESTO OF THE FOLSOM PRISONERS, AND THE REP0RT OF THE NEW YORK STATE COMMISSION ON ATTICA. THE ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF PRISONERS AS RESEARCH SUBJECTS IS THE TOPIC OF A STAFF PAPER FROM THE NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN SUBJECTS OF BIOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH. PRISON POLICIES IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES ARE ALSO DISCUSSED. AN INDEX IS PROVIDED.