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	NCJ Number:		NCJ 238816
	Title:		Post-Conviction DNA Testing and Wrongful Conviction
	URL(s):		PDF
	Dataset URL:		DATASET 1
	Author(s):		John Roman Ph.D. ; Kelly Walsh Ph.D. ; Pamela Lachman ; Jennifer Yahner
	Corporate Author:		The Urban Institute United States of America
	Date Published:		06/2012
	Page Count:		69
	Annotation:		This retrospective study, using data from post-conviction DNA analyses, attempts to estimate the rate at which defendants are wrongly convicted on charges of sexual assault and/or homicide, and identify case attributes (i.e. predictors) associated with those wrongful convictions.
	Abstract:		Only in the past decade has the use of DNA testing to include or eliminate suspects, and exonerate those convicted, in serious crimes become relatively common. Thus, it is possible that some convicted in serious crimes (sexual assault and homicide) would have been eliminated by forensic analysis more discriminating than what was available at the time. This study examined a cohort of serious crime convictions between 1973 and 1987 from Virginia to answer a critical policy question: “What proportion of convicted offenders in serious crimes with retained forensic evidence could be exonerated if that evidence were DNA tested?” The authors first determined whether the results of DNA testing would support exoneration of a convicted defendant, inculpate the defendant, or be insufficient to change the outcome of the case, noting that it is critical to keep in mind that the data collection was largely limited to forensic files, and because of this, it must be assumed that the forensic evidence is sufficiently probative to make such a determination for each conviction. It is possible that other non-forensic facts of the case that are not available may lead to a different conclusion. Additionally, the authors used these data to identify associations between case characteristics and the likelihood that DNA testing would produce determinate results and support exoneration of a convicted defendant. These findings can be used by States to prioritize closed cases for post-conviction DNA analysis. If those attributes include factors that exist today policy recommendations can be made to avoid new wrongful convictions.
	Main Term(s):		DNA fingerprinting ; Wrongful conviction
	Index Term(s):		Homicide ; Rape ; Trace evidence ; Evidence ; Evidence preservation ; Convictions ; Murder ; Sexual assault ; NIJ final report
	Sponsoring Agency:		NLECTC Small, Rural, Tribal and Border Regional Ctr United States of America
	Grant Number:		2008F-08165
	Sale Source:		NCJRS Photocopy Services Box 6000 Rockville, MD 20849-6000 United States of America
	Type:		Report (Study/Research)
	Country:		United States of America
	Language:		English
	To cite this abstract, use the following link: https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=260871
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