Modern juvenile courts usually follow a due process format and a just deserts philosophy when considering serious felonies and a parens patriae philosophy when considering minor offenders. The only time a child's treatability is examined in an adversarial hearing is when the case is being considered for transfer to criminal court. However, some cases need both a due process hearing and a treatability hearing. The child's need for treatment and the need for due process both require evaluation. Using an approach that evaluates both aspects eliminates the artificial distinction between those who need treatment and those who need justice. Each State should establish a Department of Juvenile Rehabilitation to provide for the treatment needs of juvenile offenders, because only the largest communities would be able to provide their own treatment programs. Footnotes, discussion of U.S. Supreme Court decisions regarding juvenile procedures, and 20 references.