The basic concept of social learning theory is that all parts of human experience are the product of mutual influences of the individual, the individual's behavior, and the social environment in which the behavior occurs. Systems theory focuses on the balances that relationships maintain in changing environments. Social exchange theory focuses on social relationships as a series of maneuvers intended to achieve specific goals. Cognitive behavior theory emphasizes the shifts in thoughts and feelings resulting from new patterns of behavior. Social learning theory recognizes that interacting social units both change and are changed by each other. Thus, in mediation, both the divorcing couple and the mediator face the prospect of gains, losses, or both. The outcome depends on the identification and management of factors that influence the way in which all parties perceive the potential rewards and consequences. Mediators must gain the parties' trust, promote communication and conciliatory attitudes, and seek creative solutions. They must also control conflict and help the parties feel relatively satisfied with the agreement that they have reached. Both spouses must view the agreement as equitable. The agreement must also be specific. 50 references.