Men who were assessed by the prison physician as suffering from many conditions at intake and those with many previous hospitalizations had relatively more infirmary visits indicative of illness. Visits suggestive of illness behavior were more common among younger inmates, those in prison for a shorter time, and men who transferred or escaped. Inmates who reported a history of many health problems had proportionately more visits for illness and illness behavior. The results show that inmates use prison health services not only for diagnosis and treatment but also to help them cope with the demands of their environment. The former tasks may require a physician, but the latter function may be satisfactorily performed by nurses or physician assistants. (Author Abstract)