The communication model has three components: the message, the channel, and the noise, all of which operate in a context that is either authoritarian, permissive, or ritualistic. The message may not reach the administrator because it uses obscure language, is too abstract, or focuses on basic rather than practical problems. The channel of communication may be closed or blocked because the administrator lacks the time to read the research report, the time lag between the start of the research and the results is too great, or intermediaries do not exist to translate the research results into practical applications. External influences or 'noises' also hamper communication. These include politicians, funding limitations, and the influences of the mass media. The nature of the context in which the communication between the researcher and administrator takes place also affects the success or failure of the communication process. The relative success or failure of research operations may be measured by the extent to which the researcher and administrator overcome the problems in their communication process.