Security measures must be based upon an assessment of the terrorist threat to a given port and ship and an identification of the equipment or areas of a ship that would be likely targets of terrorists, such as power, communications, water, sanitation systems, and emergency equipment. All ship and port operators should adopt international uniform security measures, with sanctions for the failure of any operator to meet minimum security standards. Standards should address a security survey that includes a preliminary assessment, a physical security survey, and a report on the survey; identification and access control for persons and property permitted on the ship; and physical security measures that focus on restricted areas, deck lighting, waterfront boundaries, and security alarms. Security training for the ship security officer and appropriate staff should meet certain criteria. Personnel security screening should address the development of a comprehensive employment application and background checks. Some general security precautions are recommended. 10 references.