Proposed definitions cover the addictive process and psychological maltreatment through the use of drugs or alcohol by juveniles or those around them. The review of American statistics on the incidence of drug use among juveniles indicates that illicit substance use by youth is a pervasive problem throughout the United States and that the trend is to use drugs at younger ages. The discussion of the psychological effects of substance use focuses on deficiencies in identification with role models, identification with and responsibility for family processes, personal problemsolving, intrapersonal skills, interpersonal skills, systemic skills, and judgment skills. Descriptions of prevention approaches address education about drug effects, the development of psychological skills for resisting drug use, provision of alternative activities, management of the school and community environments, and community networking. Particular attention is given to community action and law enforcement. Recommendations cover research, treatment, and community action. 13 references.