A discussion of the incidence and trends in child abuse and neglect in Louisiana accompanies an explanation of the role of health professionals under Louisiana laws and administrative requirements related to the maltreatment of children and reporting requirements. General characteristics and specific indicators are listed for physical abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse. Signs that falsely indicate abuse or neglect are also listed. An overview of the Louisiana child protection system focuses on the role of child protection agencies, health professionals, school staff, coroners, local and State law enforcement officials, district attorneys, and courts. The role of the physician is detailed, and instructions are given on how to report a suspected case and the information to include. Telephone numbers of child protection hotlines.