The first sign of group delinquency emerged around 1974. In 1983, police and students estimated the number of gangs to be about eight, only five of which were involved in serious criminal activity and had a considerable membership. These five gangs were composed largely of black males, with a membership ranging from 13 to 29 years old. In the first 6 months of 1983, there were 187 reported gang-related incidents, the most common being the firing of gunshots, followed by battery/fighting and assault or threats. Possible causes of gang involvement may include inadequate services, unemployment, poor parenting, and personal and social need. The response to the gang problem has been varied among city agencies and departments, service providers, the schools, and community and neighborhood groups. In general, the police department has been defined as the key agency for dealing with gang activity. Overall, the response has been characterized by denial of the problem in some sectors and a lack of a comprehensive, coordinated response to it. Appendixes include research instruments, supplemental data, and program descriptions. 16 references, 10 tables, and 1 figure.