AIDS is defined and its causes are delineated. Groups at risk for AIDS are identified, including homosexual and bisexual men, intravenous drug abusers, and sexual partners of high risk individuals and children born to them. The contagiousness of AIDS is discussed, and methods by which it can and cannot be transmitted are identified. It is emphasized that AIDS can be transmitted only through blood-to-blood or semen-to-blood exchange and not through casual contact with infected individuals. The incidence and geographic distribution of the disease is discussed, as are known cases of AIDS among specific groups (e.g., women, inmates, correctional officers). Tests for AIDS, its signs and symptoms, and treatment also are covered. Issues related to AIDS in children are addressed. Efforts undertaken to prevent the spread of AIDS are delineated, including public education, voluntary screening, and the development of safety protocols. Human rights issues regarding screening, confidentiality, and employment and treatment of AIDS patients also are considered. Finally, issues of special concern to corrections, law enforcement, and other criminal justice personnel are discussed.