The development of the Constitution and constitutional law is reviewed, and major controversies involving judicial review are examined. Federalism and the incorporation doctrine are discussed, and constitutional national powers in the area of commerce and police problem regulation (taxation, treaty-making, war, and presidential powers) are examined. Military and martial law and the law of war also are reviewed. Additional subjects covered are case law regarding freedom of speech, religion, and press; racial, gender, and age discrimination; enforcement of discrimination decisions; search and seizure law; the privilege against self-incrimination and double jeopardy; sixth amendment case law concerning counsel, lineups, confrontation and right to a speedy trial and a jury trial. Bail and cruel and unusual punishments also are considered. Other rights covered include privacy, travel, franchise, and affirmative action cases. Cases relating to juvenile procedures, corrections, and plea bargaining also are reviewed. Table of cited cases, index, and chapter questions.