Recommendations provide alternatives for jail officer, sheriff, and administrator training; program standards for jail operations; technical assistance; funding of inmate services; and community-based nonjail programs, including residential and crisis intervention services. Other recommendations cover the segregation of mentally ill inmates; involuntary commitment standards and procedures; and issues related to criminal proceedings involving mentally ill defendants, including mental health assessment, emergency detention, inmate transfer, and conditional release. Commentary on these alternatives discusses the pros and cons of each and mechanisms for implementation. Appendixes specify additional considerations in emergency detention and involuntary treatment.