Barry Mahoney, director of research for the Institute for Court Management, summarizes research on the range and nature of fining practices, including the use of fines in the United States, Sweden, West Germany, and England. Research recommendations for the more effective use of fines include improved methods of fine collection and a clearer rationale for the use of fines. Judith Greene, court programs director at the Vera Institute, reviews the Institute's proposed pilot day-fine program for the Staten Island Criminal Court. The day fine has been used in some European countries. Under this system, the fine amount is based on offense seriousness and the offender's ability to pay. The fine is imposed in units instead of an absolute monetary amount. The number of units levied is based on offense seriousness, and the monetary amount for each unit is based on the offender's daily net income. This system will be used for all misdemeanors before the Staten Island Court, alone or in combination with other sanctions and sentence conditions. Rose McBrien, a judge of the Staten Island Court, explains how the system will be implemented, including fine collection and enforcement.