This paper reports the results of a study investigating the role of the prosecutor in the juvenile court process in Middlesex County, Mass. This jurisdiction has recently implemented changes increasing prosecutor presence in juvenile court, yet still retains a number of juvenile court sessions utilizing police prosecutors. Preliminary assessments are offered regarding the effects of an increased prosecutorial role in juvenile justice matters. In particular, it is argued that the present organizational structure and the singular emphasis on rehabilitation in the juvenile court provide obstacles to prosecutorial efforts in this area. Implications for changing juvenile justice policy are discussed. 30 references. (Publisher abstract)