This study is based on observation of cases under the JO law at every stage of processing, records and statistical analysis, and interviews with persons involved in the JO law's operation. Findings indicate the law is punitive in intent, complicated, cumbersome, expensive, and failing even on its own terms. By the end of 1983, 6,951 New York City youth had been arrested as alleged juvenile offenders. Most left the adult system prior to conviction and sentencing. Although the intention of the JO law is that serious juvenile offenders receive more severe punishment than is possible under the family court's jurisdiction, this is not happening. The study argues that the JO law should be repealed and that original and exclusive jurisdiction over all juveniles charged with any offense should be returned to the family court. The study also recommends that the family court be given broader dispositional powers commensurate with crime seriousness and the nature of offenders. Many juveniles currently covered under the JO law should receive special treatment in family court. Appended supplementary materials and 14-item bibliography.