The first part of the article discusses some of the difficulties in studying offender decisionmaking and presents a conceptual framework for analyzing target selection derived from 'opportunity,' 'lifestyle,' or 'routine-activity' theories of the distribution of crime risks. The second part of the article tests the conceptual framework by using data from the two sweeps of the British Crime Survey which have been conducted to date. Burglars' choices of targets are analyzed. Findings show that proximity is a key factor determining target choice for most burglars. Burglars select poor homes no less often than those with average incomes, but affluent households are more at risk than others. Accessibility is an important factor; homes often unattended and with rear access are more vulnerable. Findings support target-hardening to prevent burglary and suggest that strategies to give the appearance of occupancy will discourage burglars. 5 tables and 33 references.