An examination of the broad and ambiguous language of child abuse/neglect reporting laws highlights their effects on reporting patterns. The contribution of rapid expansion of child protective efforts to both over- and under-intervention is discussed. Dilemmas posed by sexual abuse allegations in custody and visitation disputes are elucidated in interview data from court administrators, custody mediators, and child protective workers nationwide. Additional topics reviewed are the Baby Doe case, deficiencies in legislative response to the protection of neonates and the unborn, termination of parental rights with reference to permanency planning, the misuse of foster care in cases of emotional neglect, and abuse and neglect in out-of-home care. A synthesis of nine studies elucidates factors correlated with abuse and neglect fatalities. The effects of impact legislation on child welfare programs and the effectiveness of primary prevention programs are evaluated. Finally, policy guidelines are provided for reporting and investigation decisionmaking. A summary of State laws covers reporting, investigation, court procedures, and criminal sanctions. Tables and chapter notes.