There are four kinds of electronic monitoring: (1) use of a conventional telephone to call probationer during curfew hours, (2) use of a computer which automatically dials the probationers' telephone and receives voice identification, (3) use of a transmitting device which sends a radio signal to a receiver attached to probationers' phone, and (4) use of a device that can detect drug and alcohol use. The data used in this study was obtained through a literature review and the examination of legislation in order to support thesis arguments. Based on these results, two conclusions were reached. First, the use of electronic monitoring will probably increase the efficiency of the corrections system employing it, which also may increase prison and jail populations. Secondly, this new technology will continue to grow within the field of corrections, and risks can be expected, since many new programs are coming online before any scientific study on electronic monitoring can be conducted and evaluated. Environmental factors which have helped electronic monitoring shift from an experimental model to a working tool are examined. Operational issues include the question of reducing prison overcrowding, length of program, costs, and administrative considerations in the implementation of an electronic monitoring program. Constitutional and legal issues include compliance with the fourth amendment which prohibits unreasonable search and seizures, and the questions of right to privacy, cruel and unusual punishment, and self-incrimination. Philosophical issues include breaking down the trust between probation officer and client. 89 footnotes and bibliography. (Author abstract modified)