The first witnesses discuss the importance of education and health care in early childhood and summarize research conducted in Western European countries on the impact of prenatal care on infant mortality. Preventive issues and opportunities in early childhood, ages 3 to 5, are outlined. Other speakers examine tobacco, alcohol, and drug abuse prevention among teenagers, teenage pregnancy and premature sexual activity. Findings of the Task Force on Promotion, Prevention and Intervention Alternatives sponsored by the American Psychological Association are highlighted. The Task Force found common features among successful prevention programs. They targeted a well-defined and well-understood group, tried to alter the developmental course and life trajectory in a positive manner, gave people new skills to cope effectively or provided support in the context of life transition, strengthened natural supports, and rigorously evaluated results. Witnesses' prepared statements are included.