The cause and symptoms of AIDS are reviewed, and its diagnosis, including antibody testing, is discussed. Major modes of transmission are delineated: through sexual contact with contaminated partners, via needle sharing, from infected mother to their unborn infants, and through transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products. High risk groups are identified, including homosexual and bisexual men, intravenous drug users, and persons with hemophilia or related disorders. Recommendations for counseling, antibody testing, and test interpretation are provided for individuals in high risk groups. Special recommendations for women are offered to reduce the likelihood of perinatal transmission. Specific recommendations for reducing risk of transmission to health care workers (nurses, physicians, dentists, laboratory personnel) cover use of protective garments and gloves, infection control precautions, sterilization and decontamination procedures, and waste disposal. Many of these precautions are applicable to others in professions that involve contact with potentially infected clients and their blood or body fluids. Special recommendations for invasive/surgical procedures and eye examination also are included. Education and hygiene recommendations also are provided for personal service workers (e.g., cosmetologists, massage therapists), food service workers, and child care personnel. 13 references.