RBT in New South Wales has produced a 36-percent decline in alcohol-related fatalities for more than 4 years. Survey data indicate that RBT has had a significant and sustained impact. This article evaluates RBT effects and other legislative initiatives in the context of nonlegislative countermeasures currently operating or planned in Australia. Countermeasures reviewed include rehabilitation programs for convicted drunk drivers, publicity and education programs, and modifications to the physical and social environments. Findings suggest that although a dramatic impact from nonlegislative countermeasures cannot yet be shown, they have the potential to reduce alcohol-related casualties. Particularly, the careful analysis of routes to reduce dangerous roadside hazards such as poles and trees and the reduction in alcohol consumption through restrictions on availability may prove effective. 1 table, 18 figures, 84 references. (Publisher abstract modified)