In VisionQuest, youth reside in a rustic boot camp, participate in a strenuous physical conditioning program and various impact activities (sailing, wagon train, wilderness camp), and complete regular school work. The distinguishing program components include an emphasis on experiential education and life-skills training, high-staff-to-ward ratio, close family living arrangements, use of staff-initiated confrontations to challenge negative behaviors, and a focus on family issues in periodic group sessions involving parents. Evaluations of such programs indicate that they are effective in reducing recidivism compared to other more conventional treatment methods. The PCYC uses a problem-oriented record system to identify each juvenile's most serious problems and treatment needs, a personality-based classification system, a pattern of program phases based on the accomplishment of behavioral goals, team-based management, positive peer culture, a family program, and intensive aftercare supervision. Initial observations of the program have been favorable and replications are planned. The Key Program uses teams of three community caseworkers (trackers) under an experienced supervisor. Trackers provide counseling and monitor juveniles' activities several times each day. Team members meet weekly to discuss specific treatment or community advocacy issues with program consultants. Evaluation of a similar program showed positive effects on recidivism rates.