It begins by examining traditional values in Japanese history, particularly the importance of family and group-membership. It shows the implications of these values for crime, justice and the Japanese legal system. Then it discusses five post-war mechanisms contributing to Japan's continued social harmony and growing efforts towards social justice: writing groups, debating societies, neighbourhood newspapers, individual instruction in traditional arts, and gasshukus. It is suggested that other societies may benefit by the adoption or adaptation of some of Japan's values and techniques. (Author abstract)