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NCJ Number:	115220

Title:	Youth Gangs: Problem and Response: A Review of the Literature, Executive Summary

Author(s):	I A Spergel

Date Published:	1989

Annotation:	This report summarizes the literature on youth gangs and responses to them.

Abstract:	Increasingly, the definition of gang refers to juveniles and young adults in all 50 States who associate for serious, especially violent, criminal behavior. While the scope and seriousness of the gang problem are unclear, there is evidence for an increase in gang-related violence and increasing involvement in drug trafficking. Generally, gangs are loosely organized and consist of core, regular, peripheral and recruit members. Variables of class, culture, race, or ethnicity of gangs interact with local community factors of poverty, social instability, and/or social isolation to account for the variety of problems that exist. Gang membership provides certain psychological, social, cultural, and economic functions not adequately fulfilled by the family, school, or legal employment. Four basic strategies have evolved in dealing with youth gangs: community organization or neighborhood mobilization, youth outreach, provision of social and economic opportunities, and gang suppression and incarceration. Social agency youth development and law enforcement suppression strategies have predominated, and often clashed with each other.

Main Term(s):	Juvenile/Youth Gangs

Index Term(s):	Juvenile crime patterns; Juvenile delinquency factors; Juvenile delinquency prevention programs

Sponsoring Agency:	Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) Washington, DC 20531 University of Chicago Chicago, IL 60637

Corporate Author:	University of Chicago School of Social Service Admin National Youth Gang Suppression and Intervention Project Unite Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) US Dept of Justice United States of America

Page Count:	24

Format:	Document

Type:	Literature Review

Language:	English

Country:	United States of America

Note:	Prepared for the National Youth Gang Suppression and Intervention Project



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