The definitions and nature of fascism and racism are delineated, and the relationship between the two is discussed. The role of racism and fascism as a mechanism for scapegoating during times of national crisis is examined both historically and currently, and the political power of the far right, despite its modest size, is illustrated. Cooperation among European far-right groups in production of propaganda, paramilitary training, safehousing, and ongoing liaison is exemplified. Common themes underpinning such cooperation are explored, including an emphasis on the effects of immigration, espousal of racial purity, and historical revisionism. Such revisionism, however, has failed to disguise the ideological links of many far-right groups with their pre-World War II forbears. Failure of such groups to attain their objectives through democratic means in most European countries has resulted in increased right-wing terrorism and violence. While racial violence is not overtly the product of far-right groups, the far-right has made incursions among youth and the working class through its propaganda and has attempted to extend its views in educational and intellectual areas. Measures needed to combat far-right extremism and racism include education, full employment, and antidiscrimination legislation. A glossary of extreme-right groups in Europe is included. Photographs.