The history and scope of criminal law is provided, and the basic principles of criminal law are discussed, including presumption of innocence, burden of proof, and reasonable doubt. Criminal offenses are classified, such as summary conviction offenses and indictable offenses. Definitions and examples are provided regarding who can be charged with a crime. Some definitions cited are the principal, the individual who aids the principal in the commission of the offense, and the individual who has the common intention of carrying out an unlawful purpose. The historical background of powers and arrest is presented, as well as the police and citizens' powers to arrest and detain. The role of the judge is presented with regard to the authority to compel appearance and the authority to release or detain. The circumstances that excuse guilty behavior are analyzed, such as crimes of children and mistakes of the law. The Young Offenders Act is outlined. Courts are described with respect to justices and provincial courts, general powers, and courts of appeal. The criminal trial is discussed, including the players, procedures, principles of evidence, and sentencing powers. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is analyzed and presented. Glossary, appendix, index, and table of cases.