Risk factors associated with negative outcomes for disadvantaged students include dropping out of school, pregnancy, trouble with the law, and an inadequate family setting. Early intervention to minimize these risk factors is desirable, but a balance is necessary between private family matters and social service intervention. Social policy can significantly strengthen or weaken a family's ability to instill values in children. The public role in developing children's values and behavior is attracting the attention of an increasing number of policymakers. All families need help from beyond the family in the form of health services, social support, and education. For families whose children are at risk, effective services are even more crucial. Ways of changing the school climate at the elementary level are noted that emphasize academic and social achievement. An intervention project is cited that sought to change the climate of one elementary school by paying more attention to both child development and school management. In collaboration with families and other community institutions, it is concluded that schools can play an important role in giving children at risk a sense of belonging and hope.