The rules of evidence are outlined in 11 articles. The first four articles focus on evidence (preliminary questioning and admissibility), judicial notice, presumptions in civil actions and proceedings, and relevancy of evidence and associated limits. The next two articles pertain to privileges and witnesses (competency, lack of personal knowledge, oath or affirmation, interpreters, impeachment, witness character and conduct, religious beliefs or opinions, interrogation and presentation modes, writing used to refresh memory, prior statements of witnesses, and exclusion of witnesses). The final five articles detail opinions and expert testimony; hearsay; evidence authentication and identification; contents of writings, recordings, and photographs; and miscellaneous rules.