Topics discussed in relation to the functions and objectives of the sentencing and penal systems are criminal law and non-State sanctions, the sentencing repertoire, noncriminal law sanctions, punishment levels, and reparation and the role of the victim of criminal offenses. The chapter on presentence decisions and information considers the bail decision as an aspect of the penal process, decision as to plea, and information for sentencers. The explanation of the sentencing process addresses the sentencing body, the nature of the sentencing decision, control of sentencing discretion and the formulation of principles, and the disparity of sentencing among courts. Issues discussed in relation to imprisonment are the development of the modern prison system, types of prison sentences, the organization of the prison system, the prison regime, discipline and control and prisoners' rights, and reducing the prison population. After a review of various noncustodial sentences, the book considers the sentencing of juveniles, sentencing for mentally disordered offenders, and the evaluation of sentencing effectiveness. 324-item bibliography, subject index.