Characteristic features of Japan's current prison system are strict discipline and order, an emphasis on labor, and close and intense relationships between inmates and staff. Prisons are not overcrowded, largely due to a low crime rate; however, the prison population has been increasing because of rising drug use, particularly among women. Illegal drug use, however, has apparently peaked in Japan and is on the decline. Prison overcrowding is not predicted for the future. Prison labor will continue to be compulsory for inmates, and additional programs will be optional, such as therapeutic treatment, academic education, and living guidance. Security will continue to reflect advancement in high-technology apparatuses, leaving staff free to interact with inmates in a beneficial manner. The future should see a closer interaction between prisons and surrounding communities.