Thus, it provides the offender with an incentive to stay free of drugs and identifies the individuals who need drug treatment. It also serves the judiciary by providing the data they want for objective decisionmaking. Finally, it promotes the longstanding principle of liberty that allows detention by the government only in appropriate cases. It is legitimate under Fifth, Fourth, and Eighth Amendment analyses. NIJ funded a model pretrial testing program in the District of Columbia under the Justice Assistance Act of 1984. All arrestees are asked for urine samples at 7 a.m. so that results will be available for bail magistrate sessions by 11 a.m. The results are used only to determine the terms of pretrial release and not at trial as evidence related to the underlying charge, including drug offenses. Magistrates may require surveillance testing of those who test positive and are released, order testing as a condition of admission into treatment, or require a defendant who tests positive to appear for a one-time drug test at some point before trial. Figures and 87 footnotes.