An analysis of both the problems of and national responses to drug abuse is done in the context of historical and current developments that have influenced Peruvian drug abuse control policy. A new national comprehensive plan for drug abuse control has been devised with the objectives of: reducing drug abuse, eliminating the illicit drug traffic, and eradicating the illicit cultivation of coca plants. The plan concurrently seeks to prevent drug abuse; to promote control and monitoring of drugs used legally; and to provide effective treatment, rehabilitation, and social reintegration of drug addicted persons. It is stressed that for the plan to succeed, the entire nation must be mobilized. 30 references. (Author abstract modified)