Techniques analyzed include thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry. Recent innovations for the identification of compounds using high-performance liquid chromatographic techniques are also discussed. The analysis concludes that in nations where mass spectrometry is not available, reliable identification and quantification can be achieved by the proper application of an appropriate GLC method and an HPLC method. TLC also has an important role in the screening and analysis of opiate compounds, particularly in less-developed countries. Furthermore, several HPLC systems will separate most of the opiate compounds, but no single system will resolve all the opiates and all the common "cutting" agents. 16 references. (Author abstract modified)