The proper role of public preferences is a matter of debate. Public preferences about punishment are often strong and well articulated, but they are unconstrained by the consequences associated with these positions. These policy issues are examined as they relate to a recent national survey of public attitudes concerning punishment for crimes. The respondents were more punitive than actual practices. The additional correctional costs that would be associated with applying these preferences would be very high. Most citizens are unaware of the additional costs that would be incurred by the unconstrained pursuit of their expressed beliefs. If given this information, they might modify their punishment preferences. 2 notes, 22 references, 6 tables. (Author abstract modified).