Italy's legal system was modified to face newly emerging realities of crime such as subversive or terrorist criminal association and Mafia-linked criminal association. A so-called reward legislation was enacted that permits reduced sentences and clemency for those who abandon terrorist groups to which they formerly belonged and who cooperate with the police. Although this reward legislation is primarily applicable in the terrorism arena, there have been "repentants" among criminals belonging to common or Mafia-linked associations. For these criminals, it has only been possible to reduce prison sentences in exchange for their cooperation. In the judicial inquiry for 312 defendants in the Messina maxi trial, indicting declarations of a number of "repentants" were sufficient to bring the defendants before court judgment. The final sentence found 26 defendants guilty of Mafia-linked criminal association and 37 guilty of common criminal association. Of 475 defendants in the Palermo maxi trial, 466 were convicted of criminal association. Legal advantages and disadvantages of maxi trials and their validity and usefulness in combating organized crime are discussed.