These initiatives have focused on victim rights; the rights of women in cases involving sexual assault, pornography, prostitution, and abortion; children's issues such as the right to counsel, child pornography, juvenile prostitution, and child witnesses; the right of native persons; and the rights of mentally disordered offenders. Many of these initiatives involve changes in Canada's Criminal Code and related statutes and will result in litigation based on the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. As a result, the main challenges for the 1990's will be for the legislature to enact the necessary reforms and for the courts to find creative ways to uphold positive developments in human rights while preserving the basic rights of persons accused of crime. 99 reference notes.