Three ways to determine if these programs are working is by gauging the level of acceptance they have achieved both within the police agency and the community in which they are operating; through special or directed research studies; and through the creation and maintenance of relevant, operationally-oriented information systems. Because the police rely heavily on the cooperation of the community whom they serve, it is important to maintain good public relations in order to maximize community response and ensure police efficiency and effectiveness. Outside independent research explaining the complexity of the problems faced and the competing and conflicting expectations that come from different groups in the community can also be used for public relations purposes. Research should also center on devising ways and means of minimizing the harm resulting from crime and of rehabilitating the victim, rather than the offender.