Appropriate responses to the perceived problem involve the recognition of its nature and scope. "Official" Home Office data and ministerial statements indicate that drug abuse and unprotected anal intercourse are not considered to be major problems in the prisons of England and Wales. "Unofficial" information regarding these high risk activities leads to a contrary conclusion. Lack of adequate "official" information suppresses the required recognition of and response to HIV/AIDS and thereby places prisoners at greater risk of infection. (Author abstract)