The loss of newly trained police officers to other agencies who offer more attractive benefits is a significant problem for many agencies, given the scarcity of qualified candidates and the cost of training a new officer. This problem has been effectively addressed by many agencies through a pre-employment contract that typically requires 3 years of service or a prorated reimbursement of training costs should the officer leave before the time period is completed. The reimbursement amount is typically between $3,000 and $10,000. The amount will vary among agencies. Contract terms should be based on a cost analysis of training, including the academy fee and materials, food, lodging, uniform, equipment, and field training costs. Contracts usually allow for installment payments for reimbursement. Studies indicate that the use of such contracts has reduced the number of officers leaving an agency shortly after the completion of training.