These tendencies confirm the thesis that although age difference and youth are universal aspects of human life, their specific cultural and social manifestations derive from social, cultural, and historical conditions. A discussion of the social and cultural contexts of various patterns of youth symbolism and organization addresses age as a criterion of role allocation and organization of specific groups as well as age organization in tribal and historical societies. A section on generational and youth symbolism and consciousness in modern societies covers historical change and revolutionary orientation, developments in education, modern youth movements, and the routinization of revolutionary movements and youth and student rebellion of the 1960's. 14 notes.