The review also focused on the perceived effectiveness of the Senior Police Administration Course (SPAC). Information came from standard course evaluations, formal and informal discussions with college staff and police, and a review of police management literature. In addition, questionnaire surveys gathered information from both former SPAC students and from senior police executives across Canada. Findings showed that management training should include human resource development and leadership, problem analysis, decisionmaking, managing change, planning, communication, and personnel issues. Results also showed that managers need skills in working with ndividuals and groups outside police agencies. findings suggested the desirability of using a revised training model that would include the following seven components: human resource development and leadership, problemsolving, managing change, written communication, media relations, trends in policing, and trends in society. Tables